Abstract
The efficiency of rhizobial inoculants produced in wastewater sludge used as a growth medium and as a carrier was compared with that of inoculants produced in yeast mannitol broth (YMB) medium and by using peat as a carrier. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants were inoculated with solid and liquid Sinorhizobium meliloti inoculants and grown in pots containing two soil types (Kamouraska clay soil and Saint-André sandy soil). The effect of various levels of sludge amendment (60 and 120 kg N/ha) and nitrogen fertilizer (60 kg N/ ha) was also studied. The sludge-based inoculants showed the same symbiotic efficiency (nodulation and plant yield) as YMB-based inoculants. The inoculation increased the nodulation indexes from 4-6 to 8-12, and the rhizobial number from 10(3) (uninoculated soils) to 10(6)-10(7) cells/g in inoculated soils. However, the shoot dry weights and the nitrogen contents were not increased significantly by the inoculation. Applying sludge as an amendment enhanced the rhizobial number in soils from 10(3) to 10(4) cells/g and improved significantly the plant growth (shoot dry weights and nitrogen contents). This improvement increased with sludge rate and with the cut (three cuts). Compared with sludge, N fertilizer gave lower plant yields. The nodulation was not affected by sludge and N-fertilizer application. The texture and physico-chemical properties of soil were found to affect the yield and nitrogen content of the plants. In this study, macroelements and heavy metals were at acceptable levels and were not considered to be negative factors.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge-based inoculants had the same symbiotic efficiency as YMB-based inoculants.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- sludge-based inoculantse0
- Outcome
- symbiotic efficiency (nodulation and plant yield)e0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- YMB-based inoculantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sludge-based inoculants showed the same symbiotic efficiency (nodulation and plant yield) as YMB-based inoculants.”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised alfalfa nodulation index from 4-6 to 8-12.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nodulation indexese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8-12e0
- Comparator
- 4-6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation increased the nodulation indexes from 4-6 to 8-12, and the rhizobial number from 10(3) (uninoculated soils) to 10(6)-10(7) cells/g in inoculated soils.”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised soil rhizobial number to 10(6)-10(7) cells/g.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- rhizobial numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10(6)-10(7) cells/ge0
- Comparator
- uninoculated soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation increased the nodulation indexes from 4-6 to 8-12, and the rhizobial number from 10(3) (uninoculated soils) to 10(6)-10(7) cells/g in inoculated soils.”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not significantly increase alfalfa shoot dry weight or nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weights and the nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- not increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the shoot dry weights and the nitrogen contents were not increased significantly by the inoculation.”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge amendment raised soil rhizobial number to 10(4) cells/g.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- sludge as an amendmente0
- Outcome
- rhizobial number in soilse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 10(4) cells/ge0
- Comparator
- 10(3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying sludge as an amendment enhanced the rhizobial number in soils from 10(3) to 10(4) cells/g and improved significantly the plant growth (shoot dry weights and nitrogen contents).”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge amendment significantly improved shoot dry weight and nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- sludge as an amendmente0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weights and nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying sludge as an amendment enhanced the rhizobial number in soils from 10(3) to 10(4) cells/g and improved significantly the plant growth (shoot dry weights and nitrogen contents).”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth improvement increased with sludge rate.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- sludge ratee0
- Outcome
- improvemente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This improvement increased with sludge rate and with the cut (three cuts).”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth improvement increased across three cuts.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- the cute0
- Outcome
- improvemente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- three cutse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This improvement increased with sludge rate and with the cut (three cuts).”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilizer gave lower alfalfa yields than sludge.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- plant yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- sludgee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with sludge, N fertilizer gave lower plant yields.”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
sludge did not affect nodulation.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- sludgee0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nodulation was not affected by sludge and N-fertilizer application.”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
N-fertilizer did not affect nodulation.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- N-fertilizere0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nodulation was not affected by sludge and N-fertilizer application.”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil texture and physicochemical properties affected plant yield and nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- yield and nitrogen content of the plantse0
- Setting
- soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The texture and physico-chemical properties of soil were found to affect the yield and nitrogen content of the plants.”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Macroelements and heavy metals were at acceptable levels.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- macroelements and heavy metalse0
- Qualifier
- acceptable levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this study, macroelements and heavy metals were at acceptable levels and were not considered to be negative factors.”
t0“Growth of Alfalfa”
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