Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress. The study included treatments of control, potassium (2.2 g K2SO4), bacteria (B), and their combinations (K + B), along with versions exposed to 100 mM NaCl salt stress. Key parameters such as leaf water content (RWC), chlorophyll (SPAD, Chlo a/b), oxidative stress indicators (H2O2 and MDA), proline, protein, antioxidant enzyme activities (APX, POD, and CAT), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and CO2 release from soil were measured. Salt stress reduced RWC in plants by 15%, while H2O2 and MDA levels increased by 25% and 30%, respectively. However, potassium and bacterial applications improved plant resilience against stress by increasing proline levels by 20%, reducing protein loss by 18%, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities to mitigate oxidative damage. In soil microbial activities, MBC increased by up to 161%, and CO₂ release increased by up to 27.7% with K + B application. Under salt stress, MBC and CO₂ release were restored by 122% and 50.8%, respectively, demonstrating the positive effects of potassium and bacterial inoculation on microbial activity. These findings suggest that potassium and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications could be considered effective strategies for enhancing plant tolerance and soil health under salt stress conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced leaf water content (RWC) by 15%.
- Taxon
- soybean plants
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Salt stresse2
- Outcome
- RWCe2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 15%e2
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress reduced RWC in plants by 15%, while H2O2 and MDA levels increased by 25% and 30%, respectively”
e3“The study included treatments of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased H2O2 levels by 25%.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Salt stresse2
- Outcome
- H2O2e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 25%e2
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress reduced RWC in plants by 15%, while H2O2 and MDA levels increased by 25% and 30%, respectively”
e3“The study included treatments of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased MDA levels by 30%.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Salt stresse2
- Outcome
- MDAe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 30%e2
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress reduced RWC in plants by 15%, while H2O2 and MDA levels increased by 25% and 30%, respectively”
e3“The study included treatments of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and bacterial applications increased proline levels by 20% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- potassium and bacterial applicationse4
- Outcome
- proline levelse4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 20%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e4“potassium and bacterial applications improved plant resilience against stress by increasing proline levels by 20%, reducing protein loss by 18%, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities to mitigate oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and bacterial applications reduced protein loss by 18% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- potassium and bacterial applicationse4
- Outcome
- protein losse4
- Direction
- reducinge4
- Value
- 18%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e4“potassium and bacterial applications improved plant resilience against stress by increasing proline levels by 20%, reducing protein loss by 18%, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities to mitigate oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and bacterial applications enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities under salt stress.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- potassium and bacterial applicationse4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese4
- Direction
- enhancinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e4“potassium and bacterial applications improved plant resilience against stress by increasing proline levels by 20%, reducing protein loss by 18%, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities to mitigate oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
K + B application increased MBC by up to 161% in soil.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- K + B applicatione5
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont - Outcome
- MBCe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 161%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e5“In soil microbial activities, MBC increased by up to 161%, and CO₂ release increased by up to 27.7% with K + B application”
Claim · model-written summary
K + B application increased soil CO₂ release by up to 27.7%.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- K + B applicatione5
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont
- Outcome
- CO₂ releasee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 27.7%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e5“In soil microbial activities, MBC increased by up to 161%, and CO₂ release increased by up to 27.7% with K + B application”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, potassium and bacterial inoculation restored MBC by 122%.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- potassium and bacterial inoculatione6
- Outcome
- MBCe6
- Direction
- restorede6
- Value
- 122%e6
- Qualifier
- Under salt stresse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e6“Under salt stress, MBC and CO₂ release were restored by 122% and 50.8%, respectively, demonstrating the positive effects of potassium and bacterial inoculation on microbial activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, potassium and bacterial inoculation restored CO₂ release by 50.8%.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- potassium and bacterial inoculatione6
- Outcome
- CO₂ releasee6
- Direction
- restorede6
- Value
- 50.8%e6
- Qualifier
- Under salt stresse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e6“Under salt stress, MBC and CO₂ release were restored by 122% and 50.8%, respectively, demonstrating the positive effects of potassium and bacterial inoculation on microbial activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium and B. japonicum applications could be considered effective strategies for plant tolerance and soil health under salt stress.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- potassium and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applicationse7
- Outcome
- plant tolerance and soil healthe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of potassium (K) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications on physiological and microbial parameters in soybean plants under salt stress”
e7“These findings suggest that potassium and Bradyrhizobium japonicum applications could be considered effective strategies for enhancing plant tolerance and soil health under salt stress conditions”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.