Abstract
The global spread of Fall Armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda ) has posed significant challenges to crop productivity and food security, with current pest management relying heavily on synthetic pesticides. This study explores the green synthesis of neem extract and neem oil-based Azadirachtin nanopesticides using cellulose acetate (CA) as a carrier polymer, focusing on their efficacy against FAW. The objective was to assess whether CA-NEP (neem extract nanopesticides) and CA-NOL (neem oil nanopesticide) formulations were effective at FAW control with minimal ecological impact. The nanopesticides were synthesized by electrospinning at concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, 33 %, and 50 % (w/w) and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Azadirachtin content was quantified using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. CA-NEP and CA-NOL followed first-order, and Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics, respectively. Feeding bioassays showed high FAW mortality rates, with 20 %-50 % CA-NEP achieving greater than 40 % mortality in less than 3 days and 50 % CA-NEP reaching 100 % mortality by day five. The mortality rates of FAW due to feeding on CA-NOL-treated corn leaves reached 40 % after 4 and 6 days, respectively, for 50 % and 33 % CA-NOL. Placing nanopesticide fibers next to corn seeds during planting significantly reduced FAW leaf damage. The lethal dose 50 (LD50) analyses showed that 13 % CA-NEP is the optimal concentration for FAW control. Environmental safety assessments on earthworms showed no acute or chronic toxicity, indicating that the nanopesticides suit ecologically sensitive areas. Therefore, these nanopesticide formulations provide a promising, eco-friendly alternative for sustainable FAW control and management with enhanced efficacy and safety. • Neem extract-based nanopesticides caused higher fall armyworm mortality than neem oil-based nanopesticides. • Neem extract and neem oil-based nanopesticides followed first-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics, respectively. • The cellulose acetate carrier provided more excellent UV protection for both nanopesticide formulations. • The nanopesticide-treated plants sustained lower leaf damage by Fall armyworms than the control. • Both neem extract and neem oil nanopesticides caused zero mortality in earthworms in acute and chronic tests.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract formulation followed first-order release kinetics.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- CA-NEPe0
- Outcome
- first-ordere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA-NEP and CA-NOL followed first-order, and Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics, respectively.”
e1“CA-NOL-treated corn leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil formulation followed Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- CA-NOLe0
- Outcome
- Korsmeyer-Peppas release kineticse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA-NEP and CA-NOL followed first-order, and Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics, respectively.”
e1“CA-NOL-treated corn leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
50 % CA-NOL produced 40 % mortality after four days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- CA-NOL-treatede0
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- mortality rates of FAWe0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 40 %e0
- Qualifier
- 4 and 6 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mortality rates of FAW due to feeding on CA-NOL-treated corn leaves reached 40 % after 4 and 6 days, respectively, for 50 % and 33 % CA-NOL.”
Claim · model-written summary
33 % CA-NOL produced 40 % mortality after six days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 33 % CA-NOLe0
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- mortality rates of FAWe0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 40 %e0
- Qualifier
- 4 and 6 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mortality rates of FAW due to feeding on CA-NOL-treated corn leaves reached 40 % after 4 and 6 days, respectively, for 50 % and 33 % CA-NOL.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanopesticide fibers next to corn seeds significantly reduced armyworm leaf damage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Placing nanopesticide fibers next to corn seeds during plantinge0
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- FAW leaf damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Placing nanopesticide fibers next to corn seeds during planting significantly reduced FAW leaf damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
LD50 analysis identified 13 % CA-NEP as optimal for FAW control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Interactor
- FAWe0pest
- Outcome
- optimal concentration for FAW controle0
- Value
- 13 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lethal dose 50 (LD50) analyses showed that 13 % CA-NEP is the optimal concentration for FAW control.”
e1“CA-NOL-treated corn leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Earthworms showed no acute or chronic toxicity.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Interactor
- earthwormsCrassiclitellatae0other
- Outcome
- no acute or chronic toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Environmental safety assessments on earthworms showed no acute or chronic toxicity”
e1“CA-NOL-treated corn leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract nanopesticides caused higher armyworm mortality than neem oil formulations.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Neem extract-based nanopesticidese0
- Interactor
- fall armyworm
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- fall armyworm mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- neem oil-based nanopesticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Neem extract-based nanopesticides caused higher fall armyworm mortality than neem oil-based nanopesticides.”
e1“CA-NOL-treated corn leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellulose acetate protected both nanopesticide formulations from UV.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- cellulose acetate carriere0
- Outcome
- UV protectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cellulose acetate carrier provided more excellent UV protection for both nanopesticide formulations.”
e1“CA-NOL-treated corn leaves”
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