Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous insect pest that attacks corn, sorghum, soybeans, wheat, and horticultural crops. The feeding activities of S. frugiperda larvae can lead to significant economic losses for farmers. Current efforts to control S. frugiperda still rely heavily on the use of chemical insecticides. However, the excessive or inappropriate use of chemical insecticides can lead to the survival of pests that are resistant to these treatments. Bioinsecticides are considered to have lower toxicity to both living organisms and the environment, which makes them a potentially ideal option for agricultural use. This study aims to test the toxicity both individually and in combination as well as the interaction properties of a mixture of Annona muricata and Leucaena leucocephala seed extracts in various ratios as bioinsecticides against S. frugiperda in sweet corn plants. The research methods consist of rearing S. frugiperda, extraction, bioinsecticide formulation, single and mixed toxicity tests, and the interaction properties of the mixture. The results of the study showed that the method of making nanoemulsions by homogenization showed better toxicity activity compared to the method of making nanoemulsions by inversion phase. The toxicity of nanoemulsions of mixed extracts of A. muricata and L. leucocephala seeds against S. frugiperda pests at a ratio of 1:2 was more toxic than the ratios of 2:1 and 1:1. The nature of the interaction of nanoemulsions of mixed extracts of A. muricata and L. leucocephala was more dominantly antagonistic.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoemulsions made by homogenization were more toxic to S. frugiperda than those made by phase inversion.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- method of making nanoemulsions by homogenizatione1
- Interactor
- S. frugiperda
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Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- toxicity activitye1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- method of making nanoemulsions by inversion phasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“against S. frugiperda in sweet corn plants”
e1“The results of the study showed that the method of making nanoemulsions by homogenization showed better toxicity activity compared to the method of making nanoemulsions by inversion phase”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1:2 ratio of mixed extracts was more toxic to S. frugiperda than the 2:1 and 1:1 ratios.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- ratio of 1:2e2
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- toxicitye2
- Direction
- more toxice2
- Comparator
- ratios of 2:1 and 1:1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against S. frugiperda in sweet corn plants”
e2“The toxicity of nanoemulsions of mixed extracts of A. muricata and L. leucocephala seeds against S. frugiperda pests at a ratio of 1:2 was more toxic than the ratios of 2:1 and 1:1”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed nanoemulsion extracts interacted mainly antagonistically.
Verbatim
e0“against S. frugiperda in sweet corn plants”
e3“The nature of the interaction of nanoemulsions of mixed extracts of A. muricata and L. leucocephala was more dominantly antagonistic”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.