Abstract
The field experiment was carried out during rabi seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at Research Farm of ICARIndian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Indore (M.P). A total nine treatments consisted of absolute control, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150% doses of recommended N, 100%, 125% and 150% N along with Growth regulators (Grs) spray were laid out in randomized block design with three replications under restricted irrigation condition. Pooled analysis revealed that spray of Grs along with 100 to 150% of recommended N significantly decreased the plant height and ultimately reduced lodging. However, maximum grain yield (4.40 t/ha) recorded with 100% N was statistically at par with 100 and 150% of N applied along with Grs but significantly higher over rest of the treatments. Wheat crop was lodged only in the plots, where nitrogen was applied @ 125 and 150% of the recommended N and lodging score was 5.23 and 12.53, respectively. Application of Grs recorded significantly higher wheat yields only when crop lodged or lower N levels. Highest values of net returns (` 85,114/ha), B:C ratio (2.73), energy productivity (256.9 g grain/MJ), energy responsiveness (7.84 MJ/Re), agronomic N-use efficiency (20.5 kg grain/kg-N applied), physiological N-use efficiency (38.5 kg grain/kg N uptake) and apparent recovery efficiency (66.5% N uptake/kg N applied) were recorded at 100% N, however, maximum values of energy ratio (9.46) was obtained with 100% N + Grs, partial factor productivity (68.0 kg grain/kg N applied) in 50% N, nitrogen harvest index (75.0%) under 75% N applied and total N uptakes (125.7 kg) as well as crude protein yield with 150% N + Grs. Overall, concluded that application of growth retardants, viz. 0.2% Chlormequat chloride + 0.1% Tebuconazole was found effective in shortening of wheat plant and reduced lodging but did not improve productivity and profitability under restricted irrigation condition in Vertisols of Central India.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Spray of growth regulators along with 100 to 150% of recommended N significantly decreased wheat plant height and ultimately reduced lodging.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- spray of Grs along with 100 to 150% of recommended Ne1
- Outcome
- plant height and ultimately reduced lodginge1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“spray of Grs along with 100 to 150% of recommended N significantly decreased the plant height and ultimately reduced lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum wheat grain yield (4.40 t/ha) was recorded with 100% N, statistically at par with 100 and 150% N plus growth regulators but significantly higher than the remaining treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% Ne1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 4.40 t/hae1
- Qualifier
- statistically at par with 100 and 150% of N applied along with Grse1
- Comparator
- rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“maximum grain yield (4.40 t/ha) recorded with 100% N was statistically at par with 100 and 150% of N applied along with Grs but significantly higher over rest of the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat lodged in plots with N at 125% of recommended, with a lodging score of 5.23.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen was applied @ 125e1
- Outcome
- lodging scoree1
- Value
- 5.23e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“Wheat crop was lodged only in the plots, where nitrogen was applied @ 125 and 150% of the recommended N and lodging score was 5.23 and 12.53, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat lodged in plots with N at 150% of recommended, with a lodging score of 12.53.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150% of the recommended Ne1
- Outcome
- lodging scoree1
- Value
- 12.53e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“Wheat crop was lodged only in the plots, where nitrogen was applied @ 125 and 150% of the recommended N and lodging score was 5.23 and 12.53, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulator application gave significantly higher wheat yields only when the crop lodged or at lower N levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of Grse1
- Outcome
- wheat yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- only when crop lodged or lower N levelse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“Application of Grs recorded significantly higher wheat yields only when crop lodged or lower N levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest net returns of ` 85,114/ha were recorded at 100% N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% Ne2
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Value
- ` 85,114/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“Highest values of net returns (` 85,114/ha)”
e2“were recorded at 100% N”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest B:C ratio (2.73) was recorded at 100% N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% Ne2
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe1
- Value
- 2.73e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“B:C ratio (2.73)”
e2“were recorded at 100% N”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest energy productivity (256.9 g grain/MJ) was recorded at 100% N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% Ne2
- Outcome
- energy productivitye1
- Value
- 256.9 g grain/MJe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“energy productivity (256.9 g grain/MJ)”
e2“were recorded at 100% N”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest energy responsiveness (7.84 MJ/Re) was recorded at 100% N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% Ne2
- Outcome
- energy responsivenesse1
- Value
- 7.84 MJ/Ree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“energy responsiveness (7.84 MJ/Re)”
e2“were recorded at 100% N”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest agronomic N-use efficiency (20.5 kg grain/kg N applied) was recorded at 100% N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% Ne2
- Outcome
- agronomic N-use efficiencye1
- Value
- 20.5 kg grain/kg-N appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“agronomic N-use efficiency (20.5 kg grain/kg-N applied)”
e2“were recorded at 100% N”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest physiological N-use efficiency (38.5 kg grain/kg N uptake) was recorded at 100% N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% Ne2
- Outcome
- physiological N-use efficiencye1
- Value
- 38.5 kg grain/kg N uptakee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“physiological N-use efficiency (38.5 kg grain/kg N uptake)”
e2“were recorded at 100% N”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest apparent recovery efficiency (66.5% N uptake/kg N applied) was recorded at 100% N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% Ne2
- Outcome
- apparent recovery efficiencye1
- Value
- 66.5% N uptake/kg N appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“apparent recovery efficiency (66.5% N uptake/kg N applied)”
e2“were recorded at 100% N”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum energy ratio (9.46) was obtained with 100% N plus growth regulators.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% N + Grse1
- Outcome
- energy ratioe1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 9.46e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“maximum values of energy ratio (9.46) was obtained with 100% N + Grs”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum partial factor productivity (68.0 kg grain/kg N applied) was obtained at 50% N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 50% Ne1
- Outcome
- partial factor productivitye1
- Value
- 68.0 kg grain/kg N appliede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“partial factor productivity (68.0 kg grain/kg N applied) in 50% N”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum nitrogen harvest index (75.0%) was obtained under 75% N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75% N appliede1
- Outcome
- nitrogen harvest indexe1
- Value
- 75.0%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“nitrogen harvest index (75.0%) under 75% N applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum total N uptake (125.7 kg) was obtained with 150% N plus growth regulators.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150% N + Grse1
- Outcome
- total N uptakese1
- Value
- 125.7 kge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“total N uptakes (125.7 kg) as well as crude protein yield with 150% N + Grs”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum crude protein yield was obtained with 150% N plus growth regulators.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150% N + Grse1
- Outcome
- crude protein yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“as well as crude protein yield with 150% N + Grs”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that growth retardants (0.2% chlormequat chloride + 0.1% tebuconazole) shortened wheat plants and reduced lodging but did not improve productivity and profitability under restricted irrigation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- growth retardants, viz. 0.2% Chlormequat chloride + 0.1% Tebuconazolee1
- Outcome
- productivity and profitabilitye1
- Direction
- did not improvee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e1“application of growth retardants, viz. 0.2% Chlormequat chloride + 0.1% Tebuconazole was found effective in shortening of wheat plant and reduced lodging but did not improve productivity and profitability under restricted irrigation condition”
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