Abstract
Abstract Wheat yields in the Great Plains are frequently improved by potash (0‐0‐60 N‐P‐K) application on soils with seemingly abundant supplies of available K. The CI component in this fertilizer may cause many of the observed yield responses. Field research was undertaken to determine the effects of CI on grain yield, plant CI, kernel weight and growth rate, and foliar disease and/or disease‐like symptoms of winter wheat cultivars. Two sites with five CI levels (0, 22, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha −1 ) and two cultivars (Redwin, Cree) were used in 1988. Seven sites with two CI levels (0 and 45 kg ha −1 ) and six cultivars (Redwin, Cree, Weston, Manning, QT542, Neeley) were used from 1991 to 1992. Chloride increased yield by an average of 267 kg ha −1 (7%) at seven responsive sites. Size of yield response to CI was generally not affected by cultivar selection, but differed greatly with location. Whole‐plant CI analyses were useful in discriminating between yield responsive (≤ 3.0 g kg −1 ) and nonresponsive (>3.0 g kg −1 ) sites to CI fertilization. Improved CI nutrition enhanced plant development, increase immature kernel weights, and accelerated kernel growth during the grain‐fill period. Fertilizer CI increased mature kernel weights, up to 17%, at eight sites. Kernel weight was the most important yield component affected by CI. Physiological leaf spot in Redwin and Manning, flag leaf senescence in Weston and QT542, powdery mildew ( Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal), and leaf rust ( Puccinia recondita Roberge ex Desmaz. f. sp. tritici ) were suppressed by fertilizer CI. These phenomena may explain in part the yield responses to CI; however, yield response to CI occurred even without foliar disease and disease‐like suppression.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride increased winter wheat yield by an average of 267 kg ha-1 (7%) at seven responsive sites.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Chloridee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 267 kg ha −1 (7%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Chloride increased yield by an average of 267 kg ha −1 (7%) at seven responsive sites”
Claim · model-written summary
The size of the yield response to chloride was generally not affected by cultivar selection.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CIe0
- Outcome
- Size of yield responsee0
- Qualifier
- generally not affected by cultivar selectione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Size of yield response to CI was generally not affected by cultivar selection”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant chloride analyses were useful in discriminating yield responsive (3.0 g kg-1 or less) from nonresponsive (above 3.0 g kg-1) sites.
Verbatim
e0“Whole‐plant CI analyses were useful in discriminating between yield responsive (≤ 3.0 g kg −1 ) and nonresponsive (>3.0 g kg −1 ) sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved chloride nutrition enhanced plant development, increased immature kernel weights and accelerated kernel growth during grain fill.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Improved CI nutritione0
- Outcome
- plant development, increase immature kernel weights, and accelerated kernel growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Improved CI nutrition enhanced plant development, increase immature kernel weights, and accelerated kernel growth during the grain‐fill period”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer chloride increased mature kernel weights by up to 17% at eight sites.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer CIe0
- Outcome
- mature kernel weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Fertilizer CI increased mature kernel weights, up to 17%, at eight sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel weight was the most important yield component affected by chloride.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Kernel weighte0
- Direction
- most importante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Kernel weight was the most important yield component affected by CI”
Claim · model-written summary
Physiological leaf spot in Redwin and Manning was suppressed by fertilizer chloride.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Redwin and Manninge0
- Treatment
- fertilizer CIe1
- Outcome
- Physiological leaf spote0
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Physiological leaf spot in Redwin and Manning”
e1“suppressed by fertilizer CI”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag leaf senescence in Weston and QT542 was suppressed by fertilizer chloride.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Weston and QT542e0
- Treatment
- fertilizer CIe1
- Outcome
- flag leaf senescencee0
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“flag leaf senescence in Weston and QT542”
e1“suppressed by fertilizer CI”
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) was suppressed by fertilizer chloride.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizer CIe1
- Interactor
- Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal
Blumeria graminis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“powdery mildew ( Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal)”
e1“suppressed by fertilizer CI”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) was suppressed by fertilizer chloride.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizer CIe1
- Interactor
- Puccinia recondita Roberge ex Desmaz. f. sp. tritici
.jpeg?width=60)
Puccinia reconditae0pathogen - Outcome
- leaf ruste0
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“leaf rust ( Puccinia recondita Roberge ex Desmaz. f. sp. tritici )”
e1“suppressed by fertilizer CI”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of foliar disease and disease-like symptoms may explain in part the yield responses to chloride.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CIe0
- Outcome
- yield responsese0
- Qualifier
- may explain in parte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“These phenomena may explain in part the yield responses to CI”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield response to chloride occurred even without foliar disease and disease-like suppression.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yield response to CIe0
- Qualifier
- even without foliar disease and disease‐like suppressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“yield response to CI occurred even without foliar disease and disease‐like suppression”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.