Paper · 2025 · Environment and Ecology

Effect of Sardar Amin Granules and Bentonite Sulfur on the Productivity of Rice-Based Cropping Systems

Rajeev Sikka; Simranpreet Kaur Sidhu; Shephali Sachan; et al.

10
claims
13
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

The present study evaluated the impact of Sardar Amin Granules (SAG) and Bentonite Sulfur (BS) on the rice-wheat cropping system, focusing on crop productivity, soil health, and nutrient dynamics for three years (2018-2021). The experiment was conducted on rice based cropping systems viz: Rice-wheat (R-W), Rice-potato-spring maize (R-P-Sp), and Rice-raya-summer moong (R-R-Sm) at research farm, department of soil science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The results revealed that at the end of two-year field experiment, there was increase in the yield of wheat, potato, raya, spring maize, and summer moong crops under the treatment including additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinations as compared to individual RDF doses (T4). The recorded equivalent yield and system productivity also followed the same trend for three years. The maximum nitrogen (N) content was observed after the harvest of wheat under T4 in R-W cropping system, while phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) were observed at the end of R-R-Sm under T6 and R-P-Sp under T8 respectively. These findings highlight the importance of integrating SAG and bentonite sulfur into conventional fertilization programs to enhance productivity and sustain soil fertility in rice-based cropping systems.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Added fertilizer sources with RDF increased wheat yield relative to RDF alone.

Treatment
additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinationse0
Outcome
yield of wheate0
Direction
increasee0
Comparator
individual RDF doses (T4)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“there was increase in the yield of wheat, potato, raya, spring maize, and summer moong crops under the treatment including additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinations as compared to individual RDF doses (T4).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 534–783 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Added fertilizer sources with RDF increased potato yield.

Treatment
additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinationse0
Outcome
yield of wheat, potatoe0
Direction
increasee0
Comparator
individual RDF doses (T4)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“there was increase in the yield of wheat, potato, raya, spring maize, and summer moong crops under the treatment including additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinations as compared to individual RDF doses (T4).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 534–783 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Added fertilizer sources with RDF increased raya yield.

Taxon
rayae0
Treatment
additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinationse0
Outcome
rayae0
Direction
increasee0
Comparator
individual RDF doses (T4)e0

Verbatim

e0

“there was increase in the yield of wheat, potato, raya, spring maize, and summer moong crops under the treatment including additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinations as compared to individual RDF doses (T4).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 534–783 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Added fertilizer sources with RDF increased spring maize yield.

Taxon
spring maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinationse0
Outcome
spring maizee0
Direction
increasee0
Comparator
individual RDF doses (T4)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“there was increase in the yield of wheat, potato, raya, spring maize, and summer moong crops under the treatment including additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinations as compared to individual RDF doses (T4).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 534–783 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Added fertilizer sources with RDF increased summer moong yield.

Taxon
summer moonge0
Treatment
additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinationse0
Outcome
summer moong cropse0
Direction
increasee0
Comparator
individual RDF doses (T4)e0

Verbatim

e0

“there was increase in the yield of wheat, potato, raya, spring maize, and summer moong crops under the treatment including additional fertilizer sources and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) combinations as compared to individual RDF doses (T4).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 534–783 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Equivalent yield and system productivity followed the crop-yield trend over three years.

Outcome
equivalent yield and system productivitye0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The recorded equivalent yield and system productivity also followed the same trend for three years.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 784–883 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice-Based Cropping Systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–102 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil nitrogen was maximal after wheat under T4 in the rice-wheat system.

Treatment
T4e0
Outcome
maximum nitrogen (N) contente0
Direction
maximume0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The maximum nitrogen (N) content was observed after the harvest of wheat under T4 in R-W cropping system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 884–988 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil phosphorus was maximal under T6 at the end of the rice-raya-summer moong system.

Treatment
T6e0
Outcome
phosphorous (P)e0
Setting
R-R-Sme0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“while phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) were observed at the end of R-R-Sm under T6 and R-P-Sp under T8 respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 990–1107 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice-Based Cropping Systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–102 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil potassium was maximal under T8 at the end of the rice-potato-spring maize system.

Treatment
T8e0
Outcome
potassium (K)e0
Setting
R-P-Spe0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“while phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) were observed at the end of R-R-Sm under T6 and R-P-Sp under T8 respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 990–1107 · show in text ↑
t0

“Rice-Based Cropping Systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–102 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend integrating SAG and bentonite sulfur into fertilization programs.

Outcome
integrating SAG and bentonite sulfur into conventional fertilization programse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“integrating SAG and bentonite sulfur into conventional fertilization programs to enhance productivity and sustain soil fertility in rice-based cropping systems.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1151–1311 · show in text ↑

fertilization · organism · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

162 papers: 137 positive, 25 negative or no effect

136 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

158 papers more in this group

See all 162 papers →

fertilization · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results

450 papers: 394 positive, 56 negative or no effect

393 papers in the same direction as this paper · 48 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

446 papers more in this group

See all 450 papers →

fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

3,438 papers: 3,115 positive, 323 negative or no effect

3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

3,434 papers more in this group

See all 3,438 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.