Abstract
The production of biodegradable polymers that can be used to substitute petrochemical compounds in commercial products in transgenic plants is an important challenge for plant biotechnology. Nevertheless, it is often accompanied by reduced plant fitness. To decrease the phenotypic abnormalities of the sprout and to increase polymer production, we restricted cyanophycin accumulation to the potato tubers by using the cyanophycin synthetase gene (cphA(Te)) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1, which is under the control of the tuber-specific class 1 promoter (B33). Tuber-specific cytosolic (pB33-cphA(Te)) as well as tuber-specific plastidic (pB33-PsbY-cphA(Te)) expression resulted in significant polymer accumulation solely in the tubers. In plants transformed with pB33-cphA(Te), both cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were detected in the cytoplasm leading to an increase up to 2.3% cyanophycin of dry weight and resulting in small and deformed tubers. In B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers, cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were exclusively found in amyloplasts leading to a cyanophycin accumulation up to 7.5% of dry weight. These tubers were normal in size, some clones showed reduced tuber yield and sometimes exhibited brown sunken staining starting at tubers navel. During a storage period over of 32 weeks of one selected clone, the cyanophycin content was stable in B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers but the stress symptoms increased. However, all tubers were able to germinate. Nitrogen fertilization in the greenhouse led not to an increased cyanophycin yield, slightly reduced protein content, decreased starch content, and changes in the amounts of bound and free arginine and aspartate, as compared with control tubers were observed.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Tuber-specific cytosolic expression of cphA(Te) resulted in significant cyanophycin accumulation solely in the tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoes
Solanum tuberosumt1 - Organ / stage
- tuberse1
- Treatment
- Tuber-specific cytosolic (pB33-cphA(Te))e1
- Outcome
- polymer accumulatione1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e1“Tuber-specific cytosolic (pB33-cphA(Te)) as well as tuber-specific plastidic (pB33-PsbY-cphA(Te)) expression resulted in significant polymer accumulation solely in the tubers”
Claim · model-written summary
Tuber-specific plastidic expression of cphA(Te) resulted in significant cyanophycin accumulation solely in the tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Organ / stage
- tuberse1
- Treatment
- tuber-specific plastidic (pB33-PsbY-cphA(Te))e1
- Outcome
- polymer accumulatione1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e1“Tuber-specific cytosolic (pB33-cphA(Te)) as well as tuber-specific plastidic (pB33-PsbY-cphA(Te)) expression resulted in significant polymer accumulation solely in the tubers”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytosolic pB33-cphA(Te) plants accumulated up to 2.3% cyanophycin of dry weight.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- pB33-cphA(Te)e2
- Outcome
- cyanophycine2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 2.3%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e2“In plants transformed with pB33-cphA(Te), both cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were detected in the cytoplasm leading to an increase up to 2.3% cyanophycin of dry weight and resulting in small and deformed tubers”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytosolic pB33-cphA(Te) expression resulted in small and deformed tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- pB33-cphA(Te)e2
- Outcome
- small and deformed tuberse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e2“In plants transformed with pB33-cphA(Te), both cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were detected in the cytoplasm leading to an increase up to 2.3% cyanophycin of dry weight and resulting in small and deformed tubers”
Claim · model-written summary
B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers accumulated up to 7.5% cyanophycin of dry weight in amyloplasts.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Organ / stage
- amyloplastse3
- Treatment
- B33-PsbY-cphA(Te)e3
- Outcome
- cyanophycin accumulatione3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 7.5%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e3“In B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers, cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were exclusively found in amyloplasts leading to a cyanophycin accumulation up to 7.5% of dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers were normal in size.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- B33-PsbY-cphA(Te)e3
- Outcome
- normal in sizee4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e3“In B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers, cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were exclusively found in amyloplasts leading to a cyanophycin accumulation up to 7.5% of dry weight”
e4“These tubers were normal in size, some clones showed reduced tuber yield and sometimes exhibited brown sunken staining starting at tubers navel”
Claim · model-written summary
Some B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) clones showed reduced tuber yield.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- B33-PsbY-cphA(Te)e3
- Outcome
- tuber yielde4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- some clonese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e3“In B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers, cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were exclusively found in amyloplasts leading to a cyanophycin accumulation up to 7.5% of dry weight”
e4“These tubers were normal in size, some clones showed reduced tuber yield and sometimes exhibited brown sunken staining starting at tubers navel”
Claim · model-written summary
B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers sometimes exhibited brown sunken staining starting at the tuber navel.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- B33-PsbY-cphA(Te)e3
- Outcome
- brown sunken staining starting at tubers navele4
- Qualifier
- sometimese4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e3“In B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers, cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin were exclusively found in amyloplasts leading to a cyanophycin accumulation up to 7.5% of dry weight”
e4“These tubers were normal in size, some clones showed reduced tuber yield and sometimes exhibited brown sunken staining starting at tubers navel”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanophycin content in B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers stayed unchanged during 32 weeks of storage.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- B33-PsbY-cphA(Te)e5
- Outcome
- cyanophycin contente5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- storage periode5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e5“During a storage period over of 32 weeks of one selected clone, the cyanophycin content was stable in B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers but the stress symptoms increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress symptoms increased in B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers during storage.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- B33-PsbY-cphA(Te)e5
- Outcome
- stress symptomse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- storage periode5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e5“During a storage period over of 32 weeks of one selected clone, the cyanophycin content was stable in B33-PsbY-cphA(Te) tubers but the stress symptoms increased”
Claim · model-written summary
All potato tubers were able to germinate.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Outcome
- able to germinatee6
- Qualifier
- all tuberse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e6“However, all tubers were able to germinate”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization in the greenhouse did not increase cyanophycin yield compared with control tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione7
- Outcome
- cyanophycin yielde7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Comparator
- control tuberse7
- Setting
- greenhousee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e7“Nitrogen fertilization in the greenhouse led not to an increased cyanophycin yield, slightly reduced protein content, decreased starch content, and changes in the amounts of bound and free arginine and aspartate, as compared with control tubers were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization slightly reduced protein content compared with control tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione7
- Outcome
- protein contente7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- control tuberse7
- Setting
- greenhousee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e7“Nitrogen fertilization in the greenhouse led not to an increased cyanophycin yield, slightly reduced protein content, decreased starch content, and changes in the amounts of bound and free arginine and aspartate, as compared with control tubers were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization decreased starch content compared with control tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione7
- Outcome
- starch contente7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Comparator
- control tuberse7
- Setting
- greenhousee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e7“Nitrogen fertilization in the greenhouse led not to an increased cyanophycin yield, slightly reduced protein content, decreased starch content, and changes in the amounts of bound and free arginine and aspartate, as compared with control tubers were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization changed the amounts of bound and free arginine and aspartate compared with control tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione7
- Outcome
- amounts of bound and free arginine and aspartatee7
- Direction
- changese7
- Comparator
- control tuberse7
- Setting
- greenhousee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“cyanophycin production in potatoes”
e7“Nitrogen fertilization in the greenhouse led not to an increased cyanophycin yield, slightly reduced protein content, decreased starch content, and changes in the amounts of bound and free arginine and aspartate, as compared with control tubers were observed”
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