Abstract
This study assesses the antifungal efficacy of celery flavonoid-rich extract (CFRE) against cucumber powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera fusca , in a controlled greenhouse setting. The application of CFRE at a concentration of 4 mg mL − 1 resulted in a remarkable 97% reduction in disease severity. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis identified apigenin as the predominant flavonoid in CFRE. Furthermore, CFRE treatment induced a robust defense response in cucumber leaves, marked by elevated levels of flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophyll, and defense enzymes such as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidase. The study also observed upregulation in the expression of three investigated genes associated with β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Notably, a positive correlation was established between the activity of defense enzymes and their gene expression, as well as between defense enzymes and antioxidant compounds. These findings underscore the potential of CFRE as an environmentally benign alternative to chemical fungicides for managing P. fusca infections.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
CFRE reduced powdery mildew disease severity in cucumber by 97% under controlled greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- CFREe0
- Interactor
- Podosphaera fusca
Podosphaera fuscae0pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 97%e1
- Setting
- controlled greenhouse settinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study assesses the antifungal efficacy of celery flavonoid-rich extract (CFRE) against cucumber powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera fusca , in a controlled greenhouse setting”
e1“resulted in a remarkable 97% reduction in disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Celery flavonoid-rich extract contains apigenin as its predominant flavonoid, identified by HPLC.
- Taxon
- celery
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=60)
Apium graveolens Dulce Groupe0 - Outcome
- apigenin as the predominant flavonoide3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“This study assesses the antifungal efficacy of celery flavonoid-rich extract (CFRE) against cucumber powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera fusca , in a controlled greenhouse setting”
e3“High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis identified apigenin as the predominant flavonoid in CFRE”
Claim · model-written summary
CFRE treatment elevated flavonoids, phenolics and chlorophyll levels in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse4
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- CFRE treatmente4
- Outcome
- levels of flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophylle4
- Direction
- elevatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“CFRE treatment induced a robust defense response in cucumber leaves, marked by elevated levels of flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
CFRE treatment elevated the defense enzymes beta-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and peroxidase in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse4
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- CFRE treatmente4
- Outcome
- β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidasee5
- Direction
- elevatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“CFRE treatment induced a robust defense response in cucumber leaves, marked by elevated levels of flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophyll”
e5“defense enzymes such as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
CFRE treatment elevated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse4
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- CFRE treatmente4
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidasee5
- Direction
- elevatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“CFRE treatment induced a robust defense response in cucumber leaves, marked by elevated levels of flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophyll”
e5“defense enzymes such as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
CFRE treatment upregulated the expression of three investigated defense genes in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse4
- Treatment
- CFREe4
- Gene
- three investigated genese6
- Outcome
- expressione6
- Direction
- upregulatione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“CFRE treatment induced a robust defense response in cucumber leaves, marked by elevated levels of flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophyll”
e6“The study also observed upregulation in the expression of three investigated genes associated with β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense enzyme activity was positively correlated with the expression of the defense genes in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse4
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Outcome
- defense enzymese7
- Direction
- positivee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“a positive correlation was established between the activity of defense enzymes and their gene expression, as well as between defense enzymes and antioxidant compounds”
e4“CFRE treatment induced a robust defense response in cucumber leaves, marked by elevated levels of flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense enzyme activity was positively correlated with antioxidant compounds in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse4
- Compound
- antioxidant compoundse7
- Outcome
- defense enzymese7
- Direction
- positivee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“a positive correlation was established between the activity of defense enzymes and their gene expression, as well as between defense enzymes and antioxidant compounds”
e4“CFRE treatment induced a robust defense response in cucumber leaves, marked by elevated levels of flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
CFRE is presented as an environmentally benign alternative to chemical fungicides for managing P. fusca infections in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Interactor
- P. fuscaPodosphaera fuscae2pathogen
- Outcome
- environmentally benign alternative to chemical fungicidese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“These findings underscore the potential of CFRE as an environmentally benign alternative to chemical fungicides for managing P. fusca infections”
e0“This study assesses the antifungal efficacy of celery flavonoid-rich extract (CFRE) against cucumber powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera fusca , in a controlled greenhouse setting”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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See all 10 papers →botanical · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 14 papers →botanical · Podosphaera fusca · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.