Abstract
Biofertilizers have attracted considerable attention among agronomists and soil scientists due to their potential for promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This study investigates the effects of biofertilizers on some agronomic traits of Phaseolus vulgaris and rhizobacterial populations. A mesocosm experiment was conducted in a greenhouse over five weeks using a randomised block design with six replications. The treatments included microbial inoculants (Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp.), a consortium of these microorganisms, NPK 315 fertilizer and positive control. Key parameters measured were seed germination, leaf, stem and shoot growth, as well as rhizosphere bacterial populations. Results showed significant variability in seed germination rates. Treatment F (NPK 315) achieved the highest germination rate (90% by Day 6), statistically similar to the positive control. Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.) had the lowest germination rates (p < 0.05). Treatments A (Rhizobium sp.), B (Azotobacter sp.) and F (NPK 315) produced the greatest leaf lengths, while Treatment E (positive control) had the shortest (p < 0.05). Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.) outperformed others in leaf width and it also led to the highest shoot heights, although with some variability. Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.) consistently showed the lowest shoot height. Stem diameter growth was most stable in Treatment D (Consortium), while Treatments E and F showed significant improvements after Week 2 (p < 0.05). Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.) consistently promoted the highest leaf growth, while Treatment E had the fewest leaves (p < 0.05). Treatment D (Consortium) had the highest bacterial populations, indicating a synergistic effect. Treatments A and B had moderate bacterial loads, while Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.) exhibited the lowest bacterial growth. This research demonstrates the potential of biofertilizers, particularly Azotobacter sp., in enhancing agronomic traits and microbial activity in Phaseolus vulgaris.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment F (NPK 315) achieved the highest germination rate, 90% by Day 6, statistically similar to the positive control.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus Vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Treatment F (NPK 315)e0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 90% by Day 6e0
- Comparator
- positive controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatment F (NPK 315) achieved the highest germination rate (90% by Day 6), statistically similar to the positive control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.) had the lowest germination rates (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp.
Pseudomonase0other - Outcome
- germination ratese0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.) had the lowest germination rates (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments A (Rhizobium sp.), B (Azotobacter sp.) and F (NPK 315) produced the greatest leaf lengths (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatments A (Rhizobium sp.), B (Azotobacter sp.) and F (NPK 315)e0
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter sp.
Azotobactere0other - Outcome
- leaf lengthse0
- Direction
- greateste0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatments A (Rhizobium sp.), B (Azotobacter sp.) and F (NPK 315) produced the greatest leaf lengths, while Treatment E (positive control) had the shortest (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment E (positive control) had the shortest leaf lengths (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment E (positive control)e0
- Outcome
- leaf lengthse0
- Direction
- shorteste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatments A (Rhizobium sp.), B (Azotobacter sp.) and F (NPK 315) produced the greatest leaf lengths, while Treatment E (positive control) had the shortest (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.) outperformed the other treatments in leaf width.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.)e0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter sp.Azotobactere0other
- Outcome
- leaf widthe0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.) outperformed others in leaf width”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.) also led to the highest shoot heights, although with some variability.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.)e0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter sp.Azotobactere0other
- Outcome
- shoot heightse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- some variabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.) outperformed others in leaf width and it also led to the highest shoot heights, although with some variability”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.) consistently showed the lowest shoot height.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp.Pseudomonase0other
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.) consistently showed the lowest shoot height”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem diameter growth was most stable in Treatment D (Consortium).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment D (Consortium)e0
- Outcome
- Stem diameter growthe0
- Direction
- most stablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Stem diameter growth was most stable in Treatment D (Consortium), while Treatments E and F showed significant improvements after Week 2 (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments E and F showed significant improvements in stem diameter growth after Week 2 (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatments E and Fe0
- Outcome
- Stem diameter growthe0
- Direction
- significant improvementse0
- Qualifier
- after Week 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Stem diameter growth was most stable in Treatment D (Consortium), while Treatments E and F showed significant improvements after Week 2 (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.) consistently promoted the highest leaf growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.)e0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter sp.Azotobactere0other
- Outcome
- leaf growthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.) consistently promoted the highest leaf growth, while Treatment E had the fewest leaves (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment E had the fewest leaves (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment Ee0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- feweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatment B (Azotobacter sp.) consistently promoted the highest leaf growth, while Treatment E had the fewest leaves (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment D (Consortium) had the highest rhizosphere bacterial populations, which the authors take to indicate a synergistic effect.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment D (Consortium)e0
- Outcome
- bacterial populationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- indicating a synergistic effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatment D (Consortium) had the highest bacterial populations, indicating a synergistic effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments A and B had moderate bacterial loads.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatments A and Be0
- Outcome
- bacterial loadse0
- Direction
- moderatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatments A and B had moderate bacterial loads”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.) exhibited the lowest bacterial growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus VulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp.Pseudomonase0other
- Outcome
- bacterial growthe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus Vulgaris”
e0“Treatment C (Pseudomonas sp.) exhibited the lowest bacterial growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that biofertilizers, particularly Azotobacter sp., have potential to enhance agronomic traits and microbial activity in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- biofertilizerse0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter sp.Azotobactere0other
- Outcome
- agronomic traits and microbial activitye0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research demonstrates the potential of biofertilizers, particularly Azotobacter sp., in enhancing agronomic traits and microbial activity in Phaseolus vulgaris”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.