Abstract
Fifteen rhizobacteria were tested for their ability to induce a hypersensitive response and phytoalexin production by wounded white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons and hypocotyls. Of these, nine strains of the genus Pseudomonas and two Serratia strains induced a hypersensitive response and the production of three antifungal compounds by cotyledons. Two of the antifungal compounds shared uv spectra, retention time in high-performance liquid chromatography, and R f by thin-layer chromatography that were identical to those of thephytoalexins kievitone and phaseollinisoflavan. The hypersensitive response was rarely observed and phytoalexins were not detected in extracts from cotyledons treated with water, bacterial culture fluids, Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium sp., Azospirillum brasilense sp. strain 7, or the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. The white bean root rot pathogen Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli induced production of five phytoalexins by cotyledons. Three were identical in their chemical properties to phytoalexins induced by the rhizobacteria, but only F. solani induced phaseollin production. Kievitone levels from cotyledons treated with various rhizobacteria varied from 83 to 333 μg/g fresh mass, whereas in cotyledons treated with F. solani the kievitone levels averaged 850 μg/g fresh mass. In similar studies with wounded hypocotyls, only the two Serratia spp. and F. solani induced production of phytoalexins other than phaseollin.Key words: rhizobacteria, plant defense mechanisms, phytoalexins, hypersensitive response, Phaseolus vulgaris.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nine Pseudomonas strains induced a hypersensitive response and three antifungal compounds in cotyledons.
- Taxon
- white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- nine strains of the genus Pseudomonase0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0other - Outcome
- a hypersensitive response and the production of three antifungal compoundse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nine strains of the genus Pseudomonas and two Serratia strains induced a hypersensitive response and the production of three antifungal compounds by cotyledons”
t0“white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two Serratia strains induced hypersensitivity and three antifungal compounds in cotyledons.
- Taxon
- white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- two Serratia strainse0
- Interactor
- Serratiae0other
- Outcome
- a hypersensitive response and the production of three antifungal compoundse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Serratia strains induced a hypersensitive response and the production of three antifungal compounds by cotyledons”
t0“white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two antifungal compounds matched kievitone and phaseollinisoflavan chemically.
- Taxon
- white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- uv spectra, retention time in high-performance liquid chromatography, and R f by thin-layer chromatographye0
- Comparator
- kievitone and phaseollinisoflavane0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two of the antifungal compounds shared uv spectra, retention time in high-performance liquid chromatography, and R f by thin-layer chromatography that were identical to those of thephytoalexins kievitone and phaseollinisoflavan”
t0“white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and listed microbial controls rarely induced hypersensitivity and yielded no detected phytoalexins.
- Taxon
- white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- water, bacterial culture fluids, Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium sp., Azospirillum brasilense sp. strain 7, or the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicolae0
- Outcome
- The hypersensitive response was rarely observed and phytoalexins were not detectede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hypersensitive response was rarely observed and phytoalexins were not detected in extracts from cotyledons treated with water, bacterial culture fluids, Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium sp., Azospirillum brasilense sp. strain 7, or the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola”
t0“white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli induced five phytoalexins in cotyledons.
- Taxon
- white beane0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseolie0
- Interactor
- Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoliFusarium phaseolie0pathogen
- Outcome
- production of five phytoalexinse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The white bean root rot pathogen Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli induced production of five phytoalexins by cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
Three Fusarium-induced phytoalexins matched those induced by rhizobacteria.
- Taxon
- white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- identical in their chemical propertiese0
- Comparator
- phytoalexins induced by the rhizobacteriae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three were identical in their chemical properties to phytoalexins induced by the rhizobacteria”
t0“white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only F. solani induced phaseollin production.
- Taxon
- white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- F. solanie0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- phaseollin productione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“only F. solani induced phaseollin production”
t0“white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobacteria-treated cotyledons had kievitone levels of 83 to 333 μg/g fresh mass.
- Taxon
- white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- various rhizobacteriae0
- Outcome
- Kievitone levelse0
- Direction
- variede0
- Value
- 83 to 333 μg/g fresh masse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kievitone levels from cotyledons treated with various rhizobacteria varied from 83 to 333 μg/g fresh mass”
t0“white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani-treated cotyledons averaged 850 μg/g fresh mass kievitone.
- Taxon
- white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- F. solanie0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- kievitone levelse0
- Value
- 850 μg/g fresh masse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cotyledons treated with F. solani the kievitone levels averaged 850 μg/g fresh mass”
t0“white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only two Serratia spp. and F. solani induced hypocotyl phytoalexins other than phaseollin.
- Taxon
- white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- the two Serratia spp. and F. solanie0
- Outcome
- production of phytoalexins other than phaseolline0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the two Serratia spp. and F. solani induced production of phytoalexins other than phaseollin”
t0“white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Pseudomonas · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.