Abstract
Biosynthesized nanoparticles are an emerging technology which improves crop production and its quality without affecting the environment. The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized by biological method using leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum. The particles size was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The characteristic absorbance peak was observed at 385 and 450 nm for ZnO NPs and Ag NPs, respectively to confirm the synthesis of nanoparticles. The particle size of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and Ag NPs was 30-80 nm and 25-75 nm, respectively. The foliar application of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and Ag NPs was undertaken at 45, 60 and 75 days after transplanting of the seedlings @ ZnO NPs 50 ppm (S1), 75 ppm (S2), 100 ppm (S3), 150 ppm (S4) and Ag NPs @ 50 ppm (S5), 75 ppm (S6), 100 ppm (S7), 150 ppm (S8) along with untreated control (S9). The ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm (S4) was found superior for plant height (29.33, 59.20 and 60.00 cm at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest), number of leaves (3.87, 8.93 and 13.27 at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest), diameter of the bulb (0.88, 2.78 and 13.90 cm at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest), twin bulbs (2.73%), neck thickness (0.93 cm), bulb yield per plot (38.40 kg), bulb yield per ha (266.64 q) and marketable yield (97.44%). A remarkable result was also recorded in shelf life of onion bulbs. The treatment ZnO NPs @150 ppm (S4) was found minimum rotting losses (3.97, 4.02 and 2.68% at 30, 60 and 90 days after storage of bulbs), sprouting losses (1.99, 1.98 and 1.93% at 30, 60 and 90 DAS), total losses (5.96, 6.00 and 4.61% at 30, 60 and 90 DAS) and physiological loss in weight (3.80, 9.81 and 17.33% at 30, 60 and 90 DAS) during storage of bulbs than untreated control (S9).
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles had an absorbance peak at 385 nm.
- Taxon
- Ocimum sanctum
Ocimum tenuiflorume0 - Outcome
- absorbance peake1
- Value
- 385e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ocimum sanctum”
e1“The characteristic absorbance peak was observed at 385 and 450 nm for ZnO NPs and Ag NPs, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag nanoparticles had an absorbance peak at 450 nm.
- Taxon
- Ocimum sanctumOcimum tenuiflorume0
- Outcome
- absorbance peake1
- Value
- 450 nme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ocimum sanctum”
e1“The characteristic absorbance peak was observed at 385 and 450 nm for ZnO NPs and Ag NPs, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles measured 30-80 nm.
- Taxon
- Ocimum sanctumOcimum tenuiflorume0
- Outcome
- particle size of biosynthesized ZnO NPse1
- Value
- 30-80 nme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ocimum sanctum”
e1“The particle size of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and Ag NPs was 30-80 nm and 25-75 nm, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosynthesized Ag nanoparticles measured 25-75 nm.
- Taxon
- Ocimum sanctumOcimum tenuiflorume0
- Outcome
- particle size of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and Ag NPse1
- Value
- 25-75 nme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ocimum sanctum”
e1“The particle size of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and Ag NPs was 30-80 nm and 25-75 nm, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm gave the superior onion plant height values.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- ZnO NPs @ 150 ppme1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- superiore1
- Value
- 29.33, 59.20 and 60.00 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“The ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm (S4) was found superior for plant height (29.33, 59.20 and 60.00 cm at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm gave superior numbers of leaves.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @ 150 ppme2
- Outcome
- number of leavese1
- Direction
- superiore2
- Value
- 3.87, 8.93 and 13.27e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“number of leaves (3.87, 8.93 and 13.27 at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest)”
e2“The ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm (S4) was found superior”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm gave superior bulb diameter.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @ 150 ppme2
- Outcome
- diameter of the bulbe1
- Direction
- superiore2
- Value
- 0.88, 2.78 and 13.90 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“diameter of the bulb (0.88, 2.78 and 13.90 cm at 30, 60 DAT and at harvest)”
e2“The ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm (S4) was found superior”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm gave superior twin bulb frequency.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @ 150 ppme2
- Outcome
- twin bulbse1
- Direction
- superiore2
- Value
- 2.73%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“twin bulbs (2.73%)”
e2“The ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm (S4) was found superior”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm gave superior neck thickness.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @ 150 ppme2
- Outcome
- neck thicknesse1
- Direction
- superiore2
- Value
- 0.93 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“neck thickness (0.93 cm)”
e2“The ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm (S4) was found superior”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm gave superior bulb yield per plot.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @ 150 ppme2
- Outcome
- bulb yield per plote1
- Direction
- superiore2
- Value
- 38.40 kge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“bulb yield per plot (38.40 kg)”
e2“The ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm (S4) was found superior”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm gave superior bulb yield per hectare.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @ 150 ppme2
- Outcome
- bulb yield per hae1
- Direction
- superiore2
- Value
- 266.64 qe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“bulb yield per ha (266.64 q)”
e2“The ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm (S4) was found superior”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm gave superior marketable yield.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @ 150 ppme2
- Outcome
- marketable yielde1
- Direction
- superiore2
- Value
- 97.44%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“marketable yield (97.44%)”
e2“The ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm (S4) was found superior”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm minimized bulb rotting losses relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @150 ppme1
- Outcome
- rotting lossese1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 3.97, 4.02 and 2.68%e1
- Comparator
- untreated control (S9)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“The treatment ZnO NPs @150 ppm (S4) was found minimum rotting losses (3.97, 4.02 and 2.68% at 30, 60 and 90 days after storage of bulbs)”
e2“than untreated control (S9)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm minimized bulb sprouting losses relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @150 ppme2
- Outcome
- sprouting lossese1
- Direction
- minimume2
- Value
- 1.99, 1.98 and 1.93%e1
- Comparator
- untreated control (S9)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“sprouting losses (1.99, 1.98 and 1.93% at 30, 60 and 90 DAS)”
e2“The treatment ZnO NPs @150 ppm (S4) was found minimum”
e3“than untreated control (S9)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm minimized total bulb losses relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @150 ppme2
- Outcome
- total lossese1
- Direction
- minimume2
- Value
- 5.96, 6.00 and 4.61%e1
- Comparator
- untreated control (S9)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“total losses (5.96, 6.00 and 4.61% at 30, 60 and 90 DAS)”
e2“The treatment ZnO NPs @150 ppm (S4) was found minimum”
e3“than untreated control (S9)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO NPs at 150 ppm minimized physiological weight loss relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPs @150 ppme2
- Outcome
- physiological loss in weighte1
- Direction
- minimume2
- Value
- 3.80, 9.81 and 17.33%e1
- Comparator
- untreated control (S9)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“onion”
e1“physiological loss in weight (3.80, 9.81 and 17.33% at 30, 60 and 90 DAS)”
e2“The treatment ZnO NPs @150 ppm (S4) was found minimum”
e3“than untreated control (S9)”
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