Abstract
Drought, one of the abiotic stress factors that threatens world food security, destructively limits the growth and development of agricultural plants. Therefore, determining drought-resistant cultivars is of vital importance against increasing climate change. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important economic agricultural plants grown worldwide. In this study, different drought stress tolerances (10% PEG (Polyethylene Glycol 6000) and water scarcity) were applied to four commercial tomato cultivars (Rio Grande, Falcon, H−2274, Tyfrane F1) and the effects of drought stress were evaluated within the scope of physiological (germination percentage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, total chlorophyll content, relative water content) and biochemical (protein amount, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase activity (POX), catalase activity (CAT), hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation activity (TBARs)) parameters. According to the research results, it was determined that drought stress leads to decreased root–shoot lengths, chlorophyll content, relative water content, fresh and dry weights, and antioxidant enzyme activities in Falcon and H−2274 cultures, increasing TBARs and H2O2 amounts. While the relative water content, which is an indicator of drought stress, shows the water status of the plant, antioxidant enzyme systems are evidence of the resilience of the defense mechanisms of the cultures. In this context, the Falcon cultivar had significantly reduced shoot length (21%, 37%), relative water content (20%, 30%), chlorophyll content (7%, 23%), fresh weight (51%, 49%) and dry weight (9%, 29%) under PEG and water scarcity application; in contrast to these reductions, TBARs (2%, 14%) and H2O2 content (3%, 15%) were significantly increased compared to the control, proving that it is a susceptible cultivar. On the other hand, a slight decrease in relative water content (1%, 3%), a slight increase in total chlorophyll content (6%), intense CAT activity (50%, 67%) and SOD activity (30%), but a decrease in lipid peroxidation level (5%, 22%) and a decrease in H2O2 content (11%, 15%), were detected in the Rio Grande cultivar in PEG and water scarcity treatment compared to the control, proving that this cultivar is resistant to drought and can be effectively grown in water-scarce areas. It was determined that four tomato cultivars had different perception and antioxidant defense systems against drought stress. As a result, when four tomato cultivars under different drought stress levels were evaluated in terms of physiological and biochemical parameters, the tolerance levels were determined as Rio Grande > Tyfrane F1 ≈ Tyfrane F1 > H−2274 > Falcon. In this context, the different responses of tomato cultivars to PEG and water scarcity are important for the selection of drought-resistant cultivars and the development of strategies to increase plant productivity under abiotic stress conditions.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced root and shoot lengths, chlorophyll, water content, biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity in Falcon.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- Falcone0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- root–shoot lengths, chlorophyll content, relative water content, fresh and dry weights, and antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress leads to decreased root–shoot lengths, chlorophyll content, relative water content, fresh and dry weights, and antioxidant enzyme activities in Falcon and H−2274 cultures”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced the same physiological and enzyme responses in H−2274.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- H−2274e0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- root–shoot lengths, chlorophyll content, relative water content, fresh and dry weights, and antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress leads to decreased root–shoot lengths, chlorophyll content, relative water content, fresh and dry weights, and antioxidant enzyme activities in Falcon and H−2274 cultures”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased TBARs and H2O2 in Falcon and H−2274.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- TBARs and H2O2 amountse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Falcon and H−2274 cultures, increasing TBARs and H2O2 amounts”
e1“drought stress leads to”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Falcon shoot length fell 21% under PEG and 37% under water scarcity versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Falcone0
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity applicatione1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21%, 37%e0
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Falcon cultivar had significantly reduced shoot length (21%, 37%)”
e1“under PEG and water scarcity application”
e2“significantly increased compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Falcon relative water content fell 20% under PEG and 30% under water scarcity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Falcone4
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity applicatione2
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 20%, 30%e0
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative water content (20%, 30%)”
e1“significantly reduced shoot length (21%, 37%), relative water content (20%, 30%)”
e2“under PEG and water scarcity application”
e3“significantly increased compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
e4“Falcon cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Falcon chlorophyll content fell 7% under PEG and 23% under water scarcity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Falcone3
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity applicatione1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 7%, 23%e0
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly reduced shoot length (21%, 37%), relative water content (20%, 30%), chlorophyll content (7%, 23%)”
e1“under PEG and water scarcity application”
e2“significantly increased compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
e3“Falcon cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Falcon fresh weight fell 51% under PEG and 49% under water scarcity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Falcone3
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity applicatione1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 51%, 49%e0
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly reduced shoot length (21%, 37%), relative water content (20%, 30%), chlorophyll content (7%, 23%), fresh weight (51%, 49%)”
e1“under PEG and water scarcity application”
e2“significantly increased compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
e3“Falcon cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Falcon dry weight fell 9% under PEG and 29% under water scarcity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Falcone3
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity applicatione1
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9%, 29%e0
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly reduced shoot length (21%, 37%), relative water content (20%, 30%), chlorophyll content (7%, 23%), fresh weight (51%, 49%) and dry weight (9%, 29%)”
e1“under PEG and water scarcity application”
e2“significantly increased compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
e3“Falcon cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Falcon TBARs increased 2% under PEG and 14% under water scarcity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Falcone2
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity applicatione1
- Outcome
- TBARse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2%, 14%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TBARs (2%, 14%) and H2O2 content (3%, 15%) were significantly increased compared to the control”
e1“under PEG and water scarcity application”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
e2“Falcon cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Falcon H2O2 content increased 3% under PEG and 15% under water scarcity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Falcone2
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity applicatione1
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3%, 15%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TBARs (2%, 14%) and H2O2 content (3%, 15%) were significantly increased compared to the control”
e1“under PEG and water scarcity application”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
e2“Falcon cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Rio Grande relative water content decreased 1% under PEG and 3% under water scarcity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grandee1
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity treatmente1
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 1%, 3%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a slight decrease in relative water content (1%, 3%)”
e1“Rio Grande cultivar in PEG and water scarcity treatment compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Rio Grande total chlorophyll content increased 6%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grandee1
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity treatmente1
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a slight increase in total chlorophyll content (6%)”
e1“Rio Grande cultivar in PEG and water scarcity treatment compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Rio Grande CAT activity was intense, at 50% and 67%, under the two drought treatments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grandee1
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity treatmente1
- Outcome
- CAT activitye0
- Value
- 50%, 67%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intense CAT activity (50%, 67%)”
e1“Rio Grande cultivar in PEG and water scarcity treatment compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Rio Grande SOD activity increased 30%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grandee1
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity treatmente1
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SOD activity (30%)”
e1“Rio Grande cultivar in PEG and water scarcity treatment compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Rio Grande lipid peroxidation decreased 5% under PEG and 22% under water scarcity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grandee1
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity treatmente1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation levele0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 5%, 22%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in lipid peroxidation level (5%, 22%)”
e1“Rio Grande cultivar in PEG and water scarcity treatment compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Rio Grande H2O2 content decreased 11% under PEG and 15% under water scarcity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grandee1
- Treatment
- PEG and water scarcity treatmente1
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 11%, 15%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in H2O2 content (11%, 15%)”
e1“Rio Grande cultivar in PEG and water scarcity treatment compared to the control”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Rio Grande was judged drought resistant and suitable for water-scarce areas.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grandee1
- Outcome
- can be effectively grown in water-scarce arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this cultivar is resistant to drought and can be effectively grown in water-scarce areas”
e1“Rio Grande cultivar”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Falcon was judged susceptible to drought.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Falcone1
- Outcome
- a susceptible cultivare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proving that it is a susceptible cultivar”
e1“Falcon cultivar”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The four cultivars differed in drought perception and antioxidant defense.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- different perception and antioxidant defense systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four tomato cultivars had different perception and antioxidant defense systems against drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Reported drought tolerance ranked Rio Grande highest and Falcon lowest.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- tolerance levelse0
- Qualifier
- Rio Grande > Tyfrane F1 ≈ Tyfrane F1 > H−2274 > Falcone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tolerance levels were determined as Rio Grande > Tyfrane F1 ≈ Tyfrane F1 > H−2274 > Falcon”
t0“Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars at Different Drought Stress Levels”
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