Abstract
Three endophytic strains, Phomopsis sp., Fusarium proliferatum, and Tinctoporellus epimiltinus, isolated from various plants in the rainforest of the Philippines, were investigated regarding their ability to repress growth of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum musae on banana fruits causing anthracnose disease. An in vitro plate-to-plate assay and an in vivo sealed box assay were conducted, using commercial versus natural potato dextrose medium (PDA). All tested endophytes were able to significantly reduce C. musae growth compared to the control. However, the type of medium had no significant effect on lesion size of C. musae on banana. An interaction effect between fungal strain and medium could be shown. On the commercial medium, no differences between the biocontrol ability of the fungi and control treatments could be found, while there were significant differences between the fungal strains on natural medium. Lesions on banana incubated with Phomopsis sp. on natural medium were significantly but only slightly larger than those on banana incubated with F. proliferatum. Volatiles released by these two strains and one pathogenic strain of F. graminearum were collected using polydimethylsiloxane tubes and analyzed via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twelve volatile metabolites were detected. Benzaldehyde was the most prominent volatile emitted from the commercial and plain medium. 2-Undecanone, 2-nonanone, and phenylethyl-alcohol were detected in individual samples in both media. 1-Decanol and acoradiene were exclusive to the commercial medium, with acoradiene also being unique to F. proliferatum. Five volatileorganic compounds (VOCs)were emitted from all tested fungal species: 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone, and phenylethyl-alcohol. Beta-acorenol was detected in F. proliferatum grown on both media. To reveal whether the medium (commercial PDA versus potato extract) affected the metabolism of the fungi, metabolic footprints were assessed via high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry MS (HPLC-QTOF-MS). A total of 388 metabolic signals were recorded. The intensities of 80-90% of these signals differed significantly between the two types of media. Metabolic footprints varied in response to different potato dextrose medium preparations. The two promising fungal strains may be used to reduce postharvest decay and losses in fruits.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
All tested endophytes significantly reduced C. musae growth relative to control.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- All tested endophytese0
- Interactor
- C. musae
-_Anthracnose_caused_by_Colletotrichum_musae.jpg?width=60)
Colletotrichum musaee0pathogen - Outcome
- C. musae growthe0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
-_Anthracnose_caused_by_Colletotrichum_musae.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“All tested endophytes were able to significantly reduce C. musae growth compared to the control.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium type had no significant effect on C. musae lesion size on banana.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- type of mediume0
- Interactor
- C. musaeColletotrichum musaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion sizee0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the type of medium had no significant effect on lesion size of C. musae on banana.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal strain and medium interacted in their effects on the banana pathogen assay.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“An interaction effect between fungal strain and medium could be shown.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
On commercial medium, fungal biocontrol ability did not differ from controls.
Verbatim
e0“On the commercial medium, no differences between the biocontrol ability of the fungi and control treatments could be found”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
On natural medium, fungal strains differed significantly in biocontrol ability.
Verbatim
e0“there were significant differences between the fungal strains on natural medium.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana lesions with Phomopsis sp. on natural medium were slightly but significantly larger than with F. proliferatum.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- Phomopsis sp. on natural mediume0
- Second interactor
- F. proliferatumFusarium proliferatume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Lesionse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- F. proliferatume0
PhomopsisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lesions on banana incubated with Phomopsis sp. on natural medium were significantly but only slightly larger than those on banana incubated with F. proliferatum.”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested fungi yielded twelve detected volatile metabolites.
Verbatim
e0“Twelve volatile metabolites were detected.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzaldehyde was the most prominent volatile from commercial and plain medium.
Verbatim
e0“Benzaldehyde was the most prominent volatile emitted from the commercial and plain medium.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
2-Undecanone, 2-nonanone and phenylethyl-alcohol occurred in individual samples in both media.
Verbatim
e0“2-Undecanone, 2-nonanone, and phenylethyl-alcohol were detected in individual samples in both media.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
1-Decanol and acoradiene occurred exclusively in commercial medium.
Verbatim
e0“1-Decanol and acoradiene were exclusive to the commercial medium”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
Acoradiene was unique to F. proliferatum.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Interactor
- F. proliferatumFusarium proliferatume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- acoradienee0
Verbatim
e0“acoradiene also being unique to F. proliferatum.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
Five specified volatile compounds were emitted by all tested fungal species.
Verbatim
e0“Five volatileorganic compounds (VOCs)were emitted from all tested fungal species: 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone, and phenylethyl-alcohol.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta-acorenol was detected in F. proliferatum on both media.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Interactor
- F. proliferatumFusarium proliferatume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Beta-acorenole0
- Setting
- both mediae0
Verbatim
e0“Beta-acorenol was detected in F. proliferatum grown on both media.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic profiling recorded 388 signals, 80-90% of whose intensities differed significantly between media.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 388 metabolic signals were recorded. The intensities of 80-90% of these signals differed significantly between the two types of media.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic footprints varied with preparation of potato dextrose medium.
Verbatim
e0“Metabolic footprints varied in response to different potato dextrose medium preparations.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose the two promising fungal strains to reduce postharvest fruit decay and losses.
Verbatim
e0“The two promising fungal strains may be used to reduce postharvest decay and losses in fruits.”
t0“banana pathogen Colletotrichum musae”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.