Abstract
Abstract Industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.), displaying more than 25,000 products, has been grown in North America since the 16 th century. However, knowledge gaps persist in optimizing agronomic practices, including precision nitrogen (N) management, which is crucial for yield and phytochemical quality, for example, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Addressing these gaps, a 2‐year field trial (2022 and 2023) was conducted at the Rodale Institute‐Pocono Organic Center in Blakeslee, PA, aiming to optimize CBD hemp production through precision N management. Forty experimental plots were established, with each assessing two main factors: (i) N rate: 0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha −1 using an OMRI‐listed fertilizer, blood meal (12% N) and (ii) application method: banding and broadcasting. The 3‐week‐old hemp seedlings were transplanted into main plots, followed by fertilizer application and drip irrigation. Parameters including plant height, bud weight, biomass, and CBD yield were assessed, alongside CBD and THC concentrations in floral components and N concentration in leaves and flowers. There was a significant interaction of N rate and application method, impacting biomass yield, while the N rate also influenced CBD concentration. Blood meal supplied at 224 kg N ha −1 yielded the highest biomass and elevated CBD and THC concentrations; however, this did not differ significantly from 168 kg N ha −1 application. Therefore, the recommended optimal N fertilizer rate for Northeastern CBD hemp production is 168 kg N ha −1 , with an upper limit of 224 kg N ha −1 . Furthermore, the banding method of fertilizer application was more effective than broadcasting.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate and application method interacted significantly for biomass yield.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis sativat0 - Treatment
- N rate and application methode0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant interaction of N rate and application method, impacting biomass yield”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate influenced CBD concentration.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- N ratee0
- Outcome
- CBD concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the N rate also influenced CBD concentration”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Blood meal at 224 kg N ha −1 gave the highest biomass.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Blood meal supplied at 224 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blood meal supplied at 224 kg N ha −1 yielded the highest biomass”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Blood meal at 224 kg N ha −1 elevated CBD concentration.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Blood meal supplied at 224 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- CBDe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blood meal supplied at 224 kg N ha −1 yielded the highest biomass and elevated CBD and THC concentrations”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Blood meal at 224 kg N ha −1 elevated THC concentration.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Blood meal supplied at 224 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- THC concentrationse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blood meal supplied at 224 kg N ha −1 yielded the highest biomass and elevated CBD and THC concentrations”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Outcomes at 224 kg N ha −1 did not differ significantly from 168 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- 224 kg N ha −1e1
- Outcome
- thise0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- 168 kg N ha −1 applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this did not differ significantly from 168 kg N ha −1 application”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
e1“Blood meal supplied at 224 kg N ha −1 yielded the highest biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 168 kg N ha −1 for northeastern CBD hemp production, with 224 kg N ha −1 as the upper limit.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Outcome
- recommended optimal N fertilizer ratee0
- Value
- 168 kg N ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- upper limit of 224 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the recommended optimal N fertilizer rate for Northeastern CBD hemp production is 168 kg N ha −1 , with an upper limit of 224 kg N ha −1”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Banding was more effective than broadcasting.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- banding method of fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- broadcastinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the banding method of fertilizer application was more effective than broadcasting”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.