Abstract
Environmental stress, notably the exposure to low temperatures during the early developmental stages of seedlings, has been identified as a critical determinant impacting the yield and quality of tomato crops cultivated in greenhouses. Silicon (Si), recognized as a beneficial element, is posited to mitigate the adverse effects of such stress on plant physiology. This study explores whether exogenous Si fertilizer can effectively alleviate the stress of low temperature and cold damage on tomato plant growth, fruit yield, and quality. Tomato plants were placed under low temperature conditions (6 °C at night, daily average temperature 15 °C), with normal temperature conditions as the control (below 16 °C at night, daily average temperature 28 °C), and two different concentrations of nano Si and ionic Si (50 mg·L−1 and 200 mg·L−1) were sprayed on the leaves, with an equivalent amount of deionized water as the control, for a total of 10 treatments. Relevant indexes were measured to investigate the effects of exogenous Si on tomato resistance, yield, and quality under low-temperature stress. The results show that compared with the control treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of above-ground and underground parts of tomato seedlings decreased significantly by 46.52%, 42.53%, 28.81%, and 28.97%, respectively, after 15 days of low-temperature stress (p < 0.05), and in order to resist low temperature, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic adjustment substances were up-regulated in seedlings. Ultimately, low-temperature stress inhibited the morphological growth, nutritional quality, and yield of fruits. Both concentrations of Si application can promote the growth and biomass accumulation of tomato plants under low temperature conditions. Moreover, it significantly ameliorated the osmotic adjustment and antioxidant capacity of the plants, thereby alleviating the low-temperature stress. Under low-temperature stress, 50 mg L−1 ionic Si was the most effective for increasing tomato yield per plant, which was significantly increased by 22.44% compared with the control treatment (p < 0.05). Consequently, the study advocates for the application of 50 mg·L−1 ionic Si fertilizer as a strategy to mitigate the impact of low-temperature stress on tomato plants. Furthermore, the use of nano Si fertilizer has been demonstrated to exert a significant influence on enhancing both the yield and quality of tomatoes, with a 50 mg·L−1 concentration of nano Si fertilizer leading to a notable increase in yield by 20.15% under normal temperature conditions (p < 0.05). These findings are intended to furnish a theoretical foundation and practical direction for advancing research aimed at combating the detrimental effects of low-temperature stress in the context of protected vegetable cultivation.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature stress decreased tomato plant height by 46.52% compared with the control after 15 days.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- low-temperature stresse1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 46.52%e1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with the control treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of above-ground and underground parts of tomato seedlings decreased significantly by 46.52%, 42.53%, 28.81%, and 28.97%, respectively, after 15 days of low-temperature stress (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature stress decreased tomato stem diameter by 42.53% compared with the control after 15 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- low-temperature stresse1
- Outcome
- stem diametere1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 42.53%e1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with the control treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of above-ground and underground parts of tomato seedlings decreased significantly by 46.52%, 42.53%, 28.81%, and 28.97%, respectively, after 15 days of low-temperature stress (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature stress decreased above-ground fresh weight of tomato seedlings by 28.81% compared with the control after 15 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- above-grounde1
- Treatment
- low-temperature stresse1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 28.81%e1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with the control treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of above-ground and underground parts of tomato seedlings decreased significantly by 46.52%, 42.53%, 28.81%, and 28.97%, respectively, after 15 days of low-temperature stress (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature stress decreased underground fresh weight of tomato seedlings by 28.97% compared with the control after 15 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- undergrounde1
- Treatment
- low-temperature stresse1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 28.97%e1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with the control treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of above-ground and underground parts of tomato seedlings decreased significantly by 46.52%, 42.53%, 28.81%, and 28.97%, respectively, after 15 days of low-temperature stress (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature up-regulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- low temperaturee2
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese2
- Direction
- up-regulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with the control treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of above-ground and underground parts of tomato seedlings decreased significantly by 46.52%, 42.53%, 28.81%, and 28.97%, respectively, after 15 days of low-temperature stress (p < 0.05)”
e2“in order to resist low temperature, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic adjustment substances were up-regulated in seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature up-regulated the content of osmotic adjustment substances in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- low temperaturee2
- Outcome
- content of osmotic adjustment substancese2
- Direction
- up-regulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with the control treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of above-ground and underground parts of tomato seedlings decreased significantly by 46.52%, 42.53%, 28.81%, and 28.97%, respectively, after 15 days of low-temperature stress (p < 0.05)”
e2“in order to resist low temperature, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic adjustment substances were up-regulated in seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature stress inhibited morphological growth, nutritional quality and fruit yield of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- low-temperature stresse3
- Outcome
- morphological growth, nutritional quality, and yield of fruitse3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared with the control treatment, the plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight of above-ground and underground parts of tomato seedlings decreased significantly by 46.52%, 42.53%, 28.81%, and 28.97%, respectively, after 15 days of low-temperature stress (p < 0.05)”
e3“low-temperature stress inhibited the morphological growth, nutritional quality, and yield of fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Both Si concentrations promoted growth and biomass accumulation of tomato plants under low temperature.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- Si applicatione4
- Outcome
- growth and biomass accumulatione4
- Direction
- promotee4
- Comparator
- deionized watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Both concentrations of Si application can promote the growth and biomass accumulation of tomato plants under low temperature conditions”
e0“with an equivalent amount of deionized water as the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Si significantly ameliorated the osmotic adjustment and antioxidant capacity of tomato plants, alleviating low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- Si applicatione4
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustment and antioxidant capacitye5
- Direction
- amelioratede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Both concentrations of Si application can promote the growth and biomass accumulation of tomato plants under low temperature conditions”
e5“Moreover, it significantly ameliorated the osmotic adjustment and antioxidant capacity of the plants, thereby alleviating the low-temperature stress”
Claim · model-written summary
50 mg L−1 ionic Si was the most effective concentration for increasing tomato yield per plant under low-temperature stress, by 22.44% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- 50 mg L−1 ionic Sie6
- Outcome
- tomato yield per plante6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 22.44%e6
- Qualifier
- the most effectivee6
- Comparator
- control treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Under low-temperature stress, 50 mg L−1 ionic Si was the most effective for increasing tomato yield per plant, which was significantly increased by 22.44% compared with the control treatment (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
The study recommends applying 50 mg·L−1 ionic Si fertilizer to mitigate the impact of low-temperature stress on tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume7
- Outcome
- application of 50 mg·L−1 ionic Si fertilizere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the study advocates for the application of 50 mg·L−1 ionic Si fertilizer as a strategy to mitigate the impact of low-temperature stress on tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
50 mg·L−1 nano Si fertilizer increased tomato yield by 20.15% under normal temperature conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 50 mg·L−1 concentration of nano Si fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 20.15%e0
- Qualifier
- under normal temperature conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a 50 mg·L−1 concentration of nano Si fertilizer leading to a notable increase in yield by 20.15% under normal temperature conditions (p < 0.05)”
e1“the use of nano Si fertilizer has been demonstrated to exert a significant influence on enhancing both the yield and quality of tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano Si fertilizer significantly enhanced both yield and quality of tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- nano Si fertilizere1
- Outcome
- yield and qualitye1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the use of nano Si fertilizer has been demonstrated to exert a significant influence on enhancing both the yield and quality of tomatoes”
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See all 978 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.