Abstract
Abstract Transplant quality, as measured by height and dry weight, of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was lower for plants grown in media containing sewage sludge compost with a high heavy-metal concentration (HM) than for plants grown in peat-vermiculite (P-V) or low-metal (LM) sewage sludge compost media. Compost source had no significant effect on transplant quality of muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L.) seedlings. Marketable yield of cabbage, tomato, or muskmelon was similar regardless of the media used to grow the transplants. The concentration of Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Cd were significantly higher in transplants grown in HM media than in those grown in LM media. With the exception of Cd, metal levels in transplants grown in LM media were similar to those grown in P-V. Transplant media had little influence on the heavy-metal concentrations found in either foliar samples or the edible portions of the crops studied. Heavy-metal concentrations in foliar samples of all 3 crops were lower than those found in transplants. The lowest concentrations were found in tomato and muskmelon fruit, and in cabbage heads. The Cd concentrations in edible portions were very low regardless of the source of compost in the transplant media, indicating that sewage sludge composts, particularly those low in heavy metals, can be used safely in the growing media of vegetable transplants.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage transplant quality was lower in high-heavy-metal sewage sludge compost media than in peat-vermiculite or low-metal compost media.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Treatment
- sewage sludge compost with a high heavy-metal concentration (HM)e1
- Outcome
- Transplant qualitye1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- as measured by height and dry weighte1
- Comparator
- peat-vermiculite (P-V) or low-metal (LM) sewage sludge compost mediae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Transplant quality, as measured by height and dry weight, of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was lower for plants grown in media containing sewage sludge compost with a high heavy-metal concentration (HM) than for plants grown in peat-vermiculite (P-V) or low-metal (LM) sewage sludge compost media”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato transplant quality was lower in high-heavy-metal sewage sludge compost media than in peat-vermiculite or low-metal compost media.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- sewage sludge compost with a high heavy-metal concentration (HM)e1
- Outcome
- Transplant qualitye1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- as measured by height and dry weighte1
- Comparator
- peat-vermiculite (P-V) or low-metal (LM) sewage sludge compost mediae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Transplant quality, as measured by height and dry weight, of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was lower for plants grown in media containing sewage sludge compost with a high heavy-metal concentration (HM) than for plants grown in peat-vermiculite (P-V) or low-metal (LM) sewage sludge compost media”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost source had no significant effect on transplant quality of muskmelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- muskmelon
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Cucumis meloe2 - Treatment
- Compost sourcee2
- Outcome
- transplant qualitye2
- Direction
- no significant effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Compost source had no significant effect on transplant quality of muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Marketable yield of cabbage, tomato and muskmelon was similar regardless of the transplant growing media.
- Taxon
- cabbage, tomato, or muskmelonCucumis meloBrassica oleracea var. capitataSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- media used to grow the transplantse3
- Outcome
- Marketable yielde3
- Direction
- similare3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Marketable yield of cabbage, tomato, or muskmelon was similar regardless of the media used to grow the transplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplants grown in high-heavy-metal compost media had significantly higher Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni and Cd concentrations than those in low-metal media.
- Taxon
- Tomato, Muskmelon, and CabbageCucumis meloBrassica oleracea var. capitataSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HM mediae4
- Outcome
- concentration of Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Cde4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- LM mediae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The concentration of Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Cd were significantly higher in transplants grown in HM media than in those grown in LM media”
t0“Tomato, Muskmelon, and Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
With the exception of Cd, metal levels in transplants grown in low-metal media were similar to those in peat-vermiculite.
- Taxon
- Tomato, Muskmelon, and CabbageCucumis meloBrassica oleracea var. capitataSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LM mediae5
- Outcome
- metal levelse5
- Direction
- similare5
- Qualifier
- With the exception of Cde5
- Comparator
- P-Ve5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“With the exception of Cd, metal levels in transplants grown in LM media were similar to those grown in P-V”
t0“Tomato, Muskmelon, and Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplant media had little influence on heavy-metal concentrations in foliar samples or edible portions of the crops.
- Taxon
- Tomato, Muskmelon, and CabbageCucumis meloBrassica oleracea var. capitataSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- foliar samples or the edible portionse6
- Treatment
- Transplant mediae6
- Outcome
- heavy-metal concentrationse6
- Direction
- little influencee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Transplant media had little influence on the heavy-metal concentrations found in either foliar samples or the edible portions of the crops studied”
t0“Tomato, Muskmelon, and Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy-metal concentrations in foliar samples of all three crops were lower than in the transplants.
- Taxon
- Tomato, Muskmelon, and CabbageCucumis meloBrassica oleracea var. capitataSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- foliar samplese7
- Outcome
- Heavy-metal concentrationse7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Comparator
- those found in transplantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Heavy-metal concentrations in foliar samples of all 3 crops were lower than those found in transplants”
t0“Tomato, Muskmelon, and Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowest heavy-metal concentrations were found in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- lowest concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest concentrations were found in tomato and muskmelon fruit, and in cabbage heads”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowest heavy-metal concentrations were found in muskmelon fruit.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- lowest concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest concentrations were found in tomato and muskmelon fruit, and in cabbage heads”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowest heavy-metal concentrations were found in cabbage heads.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Organ / stage
- headse0
- Outcome
- lowest concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest concentrations were found in tomato and muskmelon fruit, and in cabbage heads”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd concentrations in edible portions were very low regardless of the compost source in the transplant media.
- Taxon
- Tomato, Muskmelon, and CabbageCucumis meloBrassica oleracea var. capitataSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- edible portionse0
- Outcome
- Cd concentrations in edible portionse0
- Qualifier
- very low regardless of the source of composte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd concentrations in edible portions were very low regardless of the source of compost in the transplant media”
t0“Tomato, Muskmelon, and Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge composts low in heavy metals can be used safely in the growing media of vegetable transplants.
- Taxon
- Tomato, Muskmelon, and CabbageCucumis meloBrassica oleracea var. capitataSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- sewage sludge composts, particularly those low in heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- can be used safelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating that sewage sludge composts, particularly those low in heavy metals, can be used safely in the growing media of vegetable transplants”
t0“Tomato, Muskmelon, and Cabbage”
The same questions in other papers
heavy metal · molecular: metabolites · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
organic · quality: general · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
in vitro · quality: postharvest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
transplanting · quality: postharvest · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
in vitro · molecular: metabolites · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
organic · quality: general · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →in vitro · quality: postharvest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →transplanting · quality: postharvest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.