Abstract
Hidden hunger and micronutrient deficiencies are critical global challenges, particularly in developing nations. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant nutrient uptake and may provide a sustainable solution. This study evaluated the impact of locally sourced AMF inocula on the nutritional quality of four sorghum cultivars grown on vertisols in Sudan’s central clay plains. A split-plot field trial at two locations assessed AMF inoculation (main plot factor) and sorghum cultivars (sub-plot factor) across three replicates. AMF inoculation significantly improved grain crude protein (10.5% to 11.9%), in-vitro protein digestibility (60.8 to 69.9 g/100 g), protein solubility (4.0 to 4.9 g/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content (0.6 to 2.1 mg/g). Total and bioavailable iron and zinc levels in AMF-treated grains (40.6% and 40.3%, respectively) exceeded those in non-treated grains (36.3% and 35.8%, respectively). Phytate content, an anti-nutrient, decreased significantly (339.9 to 238.2 mg/100 g) with AMF, showing an inverse relationship with micronutrient levels. Partial least squares regression analysis identified cultivar P954063 with AMF inoculation at Medani as optimal for enhancing grain nutritional quality. These findings highlight the potential of locally produced AMF inoculum to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies in Sudan and similar regions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly improved grain crude protein in sorghum from 10.5% to 11.9%.
- Organ / stage
- graine1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain crude proteine1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 10.5% to 11.9%e1
- Setting
- vertisols in the central clay plains of Sudant0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AMF inoculation significantly improved grain crude protein (10.5% to 11.9%), in-vitro protein digestibility (60.8 to 69.9 g/100 g), protein solubility (4.0 to 4.9 g/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content (0.6 to 2.1 mg/g)”
t0“sorghum grown on vertisols in the central clay plains of Sudan”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly improved in-vitro protein digestibility of sorghum grain from 60.8 to 69.9 g/100 g.
- Organ / stage
- graine1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- in-vitro protein digestibilitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 60.8 to 69.9 g/100 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AMF inoculation significantly improved grain crude protein (10.5% to 11.9%), in-vitro protein digestibility (60.8 to 69.9 g/100 g), protein solubility (4.0 to 4.9 g/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content (0.6 to 2.1 mg/g)”
t0“sorghum grown on vertisols in the central clay plains of Sudan”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly improved protein solubility of sorghum grain from 4.0 to 4.9 g/100 g.
- Organ / stage
- graine1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- protein solubilitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 4.0 to 4.9 g/100 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AMF inoculation significantly improved grain crude protein (10.5% to 11.9%), in-vitro protein digestibility (60.8 to 69.9 g/100 g), protein solubility (4.0 to 4.9 g/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content (0.6 to 2.1 mg/g)”
t0“sorghum grown on vertisols in the central clay plains of Sudan”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly increased GABA content of sorghum grain from 0.6 to 2.1 mg/g.
- Organ / stage
- graine1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contente1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 0.6 to 2.1 mg/ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AMF inoculation significantly improved grain crude protein (10.5% to 11.9%), in-vitro protein digestibility (60.8 to 69.9 g/100 g), protein solubility (4.0 to 4.9 g/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content (0.6 to 2.1 mg/g)”
t0“sorghum grown on vertisols in the central clay plains of Sudan”
Claim · model-written summary
Total and bioavailable iron and zinc levels were higher in AMF-treated sorghum grain than in non-treated grain.
- Organ / stage
- grainse2
- Treatment
- AMFe2
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- Total and bioavailable iron and zinc levelse2
- Direction
- exceedede2
- Value
- 40.6% and 40.3%e2
- Qualifier
- 36.3% and 35.8%e2
- Comparator
- non-treated grainse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Total and bioavailable iron and zinc levels in AMF-treated grains (40.6% and 40.3%, respectively) exceeded those in non-treated grains (36.3% and 35.8%, respectively)”
t0“sorghum grown on vertisols in the central clay plains of Sudan”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF decreased phytate content of sorghum grain from 339.9 to 238.2 mg/100 g.
- Treatment
- AMFe6
- Interactor
- AMFe6symbiont
- Outcome
- Phytate contente6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 339.9 to 238.2 mg/100 ge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Phytate content, an anti-nutrient, decreased significantly (339.9 to 238.2 mg/100 g) with AMF, showing an inverse relationship with micronutrient levels”
t0“sorghum grown on vertisols in the central clay plains of Sudan”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytate content showed an inverse relationship with micronutrient levels in AMF-treated sorghum grain.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Phytate content, an anti-nutrient, decreased significantly (339.9 to 238.2 mg/100 g) with AMF, showing an inverse relationship with micronutrient levels”
t0“sorghum grown on vertisols in the central clay plains of Sudan”
Claim · model-written summary
Partial least squares regression identified sorghum cultivar P954063 with AMF inoculation at Medani as optimal for enhancing grain nutritional quality.
- Material
- P954063e7
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione7
- Interactor
- AMFe7symbiont
- Outcome
- grain nutritional qualitye7
- Direction
- enhancinge7
- Setting
- Medanie7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Partial least squares regression analysis identified cultivar P954063 with AMF inoculation at Medani as optimal for enhancing grain nutritional quality”
t0“sorghum grown on vertisols in the central clay plains of Sudan”
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