Abstract
Thymus vulgaris is a valuable medicinal plant widely cultivated for its aromatic and medicinal properties. However, like many plants, T. vulgaris faces challenges such as drought stress, which significantly affects its growth, morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Understanding how endophytic fungi isolated from Lamiaceae family influence T. vulgaris under varying watering regimes can enhance its resilience against drought stress. This study aims to assess the impact of individual and co-inoculation of three native endophytic species, i.e., Fusarium sp. (F1), Cladosporium puyae (F2), and Curvularia australiensis (F3), on T. vulgaris growth parameters under different irrigation regimes in greenhouse conditions. It has been discovered that using fungal endophytes as a biological tool can benefits T. vulgaris under drought stress. The results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced the growth, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of plants lacking endophytes. Combinatory applications with fungal endophytes significantly improved the above-mentioned parameters under drought stress. Lipid peroxidation levels were significantly reduced in plants inoculated with bacterial endophytes. Drought stress significantly increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in drought conditions. The findings suggested that the addition of fungal endophytes to the inoculum enhances drought tolerance in T. vulgaris by mitigating the harmful impact of drought stress on plant growth and physiological functions. The higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and improved redox state of glutathione are responsible for plants’ greater resistance to drought.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced growth in plants lacking endophytes.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris
.JPG?width=60)
Thymus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- plants lacking endophytese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris plants”
e0“drought stress significantly reduced the growth, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of plants lacking endophytes”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid content in plants lacking endophytes.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, and carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- plants lacking endophytese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris plants”
e0“drought stress significantly reduced the growth, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of plants lacking endophytes”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fungal endophyte applications improved growth under drought.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Combinatory applications with fungal endophytese0
- Outcome
- above-mentioned parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris plants”
e0“Combinatory applications with fungal endophytes significantly improved the above-mentioned parameters under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had reduced lipid peroxidation levels.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculated with bacterial endophytese0
- Interactor
- bacterial endophytese0symbiont
- Outcome
- Lipid peroxidation levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris plants”
e0“Lipid peroxidation levels were significantly reduced in plants inoculated with bacterial endophytes”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased APX, SOD, and GR activities.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris plants”
e0“Drought stress significantly increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased POD and CAT activities.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris plants”
e0“Drought stress significantly increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute greater drought resistance to higher antioxidant enzyme activity and improved glutathione redox state.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- greater resistance to droughte0
- Qualifier
- higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and improved redox state of glutathionee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Thymus vulgaris plants”
e0“The higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and improved redox state of glutathione are responsible for plants’ greater resistance to drought”
The same questions in other papers
drought · growth · Thymus vulgaris (thyme)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →drought · physiology: pigments · Thymus vulgaris (thyme)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · physiology: oxidative · Thymus vulgaris (thyme)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.