Abstract
This study investigated the effect of foliar application of putrescine on growth, biochemical, essential oil percent and morpho-anatomical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L. under water deficit conditions. In pot experiments, plants were grown under two different irrigation levels 70–80% and 30–40% of water holding capacity and foliar sprayed with putrescine at 0, 0.1 and 0.2 mM twice at 10 and 50 days after transplanting. The results indicated that water stress caused significant reductions in the shoot, root fresh and dry weights whereas there was a significant increase in shoot/root dry matter ratio. Moreover, water stress led to multiple significant decreases in chlorophyll a, b concentration and chlorophyll a/b ratio. Whereas significant increases in the total soluble phenolic compounds and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes and the essential oil percent were detected in plants exposed to drought stress. Stressed plants induced some morph-anatomical changes in roots, stems, and leaves to avoid tissue dehydration. Otherwise, putrescine reduce the impacts of drought by changing anatomical features, keeping chlorophyll concentrations, accumulation of total soluble phenolic compounds and activities some related enzymes. Consequently putrescine has the ability to improve growth and oil yield hence allowing thyme plants to grow better under water stress condition. Keywords: Thyme, Putrescine, Chlorophyll, Antioxidant enzymes, Phenolic compounds, Essential oil, Morphology, Anatomy, Adaptive mechanisms
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly reduced shoot and root fresh and dry weights of thyme.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris L.
.JPG?width=60)
Thymus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- water stresse1
- Outcome
- shoot, root fresh and dry weightse1
- Direction
- reductionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“water stress caused significant reductions in the shoot, root fresh and dry weights”
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly increased the shoot/root dry matter ratio of thyme.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris L.Thymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- water stresse1
- Outcome
- shoot/root dry matter ratioe1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“water stress caused significant reductions in the shoot, root fresh and dry weights whereas there was a significant increase in shoot/root dry matter ratio”
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly decreased chlorophyll a and b concentrations and the chlorophyll a/b ratio in thyme.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris L.Thymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- water stresse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b concentration and chlorophyll a/b ratioe1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“water stress led to multiple significant decreases in chlorophyll a, b concentration and chlorophyll a/b ratio”
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly increased total soluble phenolic compounds and essential oil percent in thyme.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris L.Thymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- total soluble phenolic compoundse1
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“significant increases in the total soluble phenolic compounds and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes and the essential oil percent were detected in plants exposed to drought stress”
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly increased the activities of PAL and PPO enzymes in thyme.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris L.Thymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymese1
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“significant increases in the total soluble phenolic compounds and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes and the essential oil percent were detected in plants exposed to drought stress”
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stressed thyme plants showed morpho-anatomical changes in roots, stems and leaves.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris L.Thymus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- roots, stems, and leavese1
- Treatment
- Stressed plantse1
- Outcome
- morph-anatomical changese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Stressed plants induced some morph-anatomical changes in roots, stems, and leaves to avoid tissue dehydration”
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine reduced the impacts of drought in thyme by changing anatomical features and keeping chlorophyll concentrations, phenolic accumulation and related enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris L.Thymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescinee1
- Outcome
- impacts of droughte1
- Direction
- reducee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“putrescine reduce the impacts of drought by changing anatomical features, keeping chlorophyll concentrations, accumulation of total soluble phenolic compounds and activities some related enzymes”
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine can improve growth and oil yield of thyme under water stress.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris L.Thymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescinee1
- Outcome
- growth and oil yielde1
- Direction
- improvee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“putrescine has the ability to improve growth and oil yield”
t0“Thymus vulgaris L.”
The same questions in other papers
drought · growth · Thymus vulgaris (thyme)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →drought · physiology: pigments · Thymus vulgaris (thyme)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.