Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the response of antioxidant parameters in soybean plants inoculated with newly isolated Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bacillus subtilis strains as single and co-inoculants under drought stress. Bacterial strains were selected according to osmotic stress tolerance (in the presence of 36% PEG 6000) in appropriate liquid media. The effect of soybean inoculation was examined in a soil pot experiment in water deficit conditions (0 and 7 days withholding water). The influence of water stress and inoculation was evaluated in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules through guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ionically cell-wall-bound peroxidase (POD) activity, and ABTS˙+ radical cation scavenging capacity, as well as parameters of N-fixation efficiency. The results showed a significant influence of inoculation on constitutive and drought-induced antioxidant and N-fixation parameters. Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively. Application of bacterial strains resulted in higher shoot, root, and nodule weight and nitrogen content both in non-stressed and drought stress conditions. Overall, co-inoculation had better effects on the investigated soybean parameters compared to single inoculation. Selection and application of bacterial strains with improved tolerance to drought stress is necessary in developing inoculants that would result in enhanced crop production under unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation significantly influenced antioxidant and nitrogen fixation parameters.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- antioxidant and N-fixation parameterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed a significant influence of inoculation on constitutive and drought-induced antioxidant and N-fixation parameters”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised POX activity in leaves by up to 116% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Gene
- POXe0
- Outcome
- activity of POXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 116e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised POX activity in roots by up to 169% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Gene
- POXe0
- Outcome
- activity of POXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 169e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised POX activity in nodules by up to 245% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Gene
- POXe0
- Outcome
- activity of POXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 245%e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised POD activity in leaves by up to 116% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Gene
- PODe0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 116e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised POD activity in roots by up to 102% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Gene
- PODe0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 102e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised POD activity in nodules by up to 159% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Gene
- PODe0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 159%e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised antioxidant capacity in leaves by up to 74% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 74e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised antioxidant capacity in roots by up to 76% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 76e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation raised antioxidant capacity in nodules by up to 81% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 81%e0
- Qualifier
- under water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial strains increased shoot, root and nodule weight under non-stressed and drought conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Application of bacterial strainse0
- Outcome
- shoot, root, and nodule weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both in non-stressed and drought stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of bacterial strains resulted in higher shoot, root, and nodule weight and nitrogen content both in non-stressed and drought stress conditions”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial strains increased nitrogen content under non-stressed and drought conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Application of bacterial strainse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both in non-stressed and drought stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of bacterial strains resulted in higher shoot, root, and nodule weight and nitrogen content both in non-stressed and drought stress conditions”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation gave better measured soybean parameters than single inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- investigated soybean parameterse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- single inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, co-inoculation had better effects on the investigated soybean parameters compared to single inoculation”
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