Abstract
Since the characteristics of plug seedlings affect the effectiveness of automatic transplanting, this study aimed to explore the effect of the addition of biochar into substrates on the growth of plug seedlings before and after transplanting. The physicochemical properties of substrates with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% biochar addition all met the requirements of seedling cultivation. The growth trend, root systems, and mechanical properties of seedlings before transplanting and the leaf gas exchange parameters of seedlings after transplanting were measured in this study. The results indicated that the seedlings cultivated with 10% biochar added to the substrate achieved the best growth trend and physiological indices, and the root systems under this treatment were also stronger than those of other treatments, while the seedlings cultivated with 25% biochar treatment were the worst, with less than 22.23% of the growth seen in the 10% biochar treatment, and even less than 1.5% of the growth of the seedlings cultivated without biochar treatment. Since the strong root systems could enhance the mechanical properties of seedling pots, the seedling pots cultivated with 10% biochar added into the substrate possessed the best compression resistance properties, with the maximum value of 49.52 N, and could maintain maximum completeness after free-fall impacting, wherein the loss of root and substrate was only 8.22%. The analysis results of seedlings cultivated after impacting proposed that the seedlings with better growth trends and root systems before transplanting could obtain better leaf gas exchange parameters during the flower stage after transplanting, so the seedlings cultivated with 5%~10% biochar added into the substrate grew better after impacting and then transplanting. It was noticed that the seedlings cultivated with appropriate biochar added into the substrate were able to achieve the optimal growth parameters and mechanical properties before and after transplanting, which were better able to meet the requirements of automatic transplanting. Thus, this study can promote the development of automatic transplanting technology to some extent.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All tested biochar substrate additions met seedling cultivation requirements.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Outcome
- physicochemical properties of substratese0
- Qualifier
- 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% biochar additione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The physicochemical properties of substrates with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% biochar addition all met the requirements of seedling cultivation”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten percent biochar produced the best seedling growth trend and physiological indices.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 10% biochar added to the substratee0
- Outcome
- growth trend and physiological indicese0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seedlings cultivated with 10% biochar added to the substrate achieved the best growth trend and physiological indices”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten percent biochar produced stronger root systems than other treatments.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 10% biochare1
- Outcome
- root systemse0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root systems under this treatment were also stronger than those of other treatments”
e1“10% biochar added to the substrate”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-five percent biochar gave the worst growth, below 22.23% of the ten percent treatment.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 25% biochar treatmente0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- worste0
- Value
- less than 22.23%e0
- Comparator
- 10% biochar treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seedlings cultivated with 25% biochar treatment were the worst, with less than 22.23% of the growth seen in the 10% biochar treatment”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-five percent biochar growth was below 1.5% of growth without biochar.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 25% biochar treatmente1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 1.5%e0
- Comparator
- without biochar treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“even less than 1.5% of the growth of the seedlings cultivated without biochar treatment”
e1“25% biochar treatment”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten percent biochar yielded the best seedling pot compression resistance, reaching 49.52 N.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 10% biochar added into the substratee0
- Outcome
- compression resistance propertiese0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 49.52 Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seedling pots cultivated with 10% biochar added into the substrate possessed the best compression resistance properties, with the maximum value of 49.52 N”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten percent biochar seedling pots maintained maximum completeness after free-fall impact, losing only 8.22% root and substrate.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 10% biochar added into the substratee1
- Outcome
- loss of root and substratee0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 8.22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could maintain maximum completeness after free-fall impacting, wherein the loss of root and substrate was only 8.22%”
e1“the seedling pots cultivated with 10% biochar added into the substrate”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Better pretransplant growth and roots were associated with better leaf gas exchange at flowering after transplanting.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- flower stagee0
- Outcome
- leaf gas exchange parameterse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- better growth trends and root systems before transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seedlings with better growth trends and root systems before transplanting could obtain better leaf gas exchange parameters during the flower stage after transplanting”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings in 5%~10% biochar grew better after impact and transplanting.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 5%~10% biochar added into the substratee0
- Outcome
- grewe0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seedlings cultivated with 5%~10% biochar added into the substrate grew better after impacting and then transplanting”
t0“Cucumber”
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