Abstract
• High temperature causes abnormal softening and difficulty in coloring of berries. • Weak light leads to a slowdown in sugar and anthocyanin metabolism in berries. • The COP1-HY5 signaling plays a major regulatory role in the metabolism of anthocyanins. Temperature and light are key environmental factors in plant fruit development that affect fruit coloring, sugar accumulation, and softening. Here, grape berries were grown in vitro to investigate the effects of different temperatures and light treatments on their quality, with a focus on analyzing the effects of anthocyanin metabolism pathway genes and related metabolites. Both high temperature and low light affected grape coloring; however, differences were observed among varieties. Anthocyanins respond to high temperature and low light conditions through a balancing of metabolite types. The COP1–HY5 signaling pathway, which regulates the expression of FLS4 , was affected by light and temperature. High temperatures were beneficial for sugar accumulation but resulted in fruit softening, and weak light affected sugar accumulation but did not cause fruit softening. This study was conducted to elucidate poor grape quality under high temperatures and weak lighting following a large-scale application of these conditions to facility-grown grapes. Our results provide valuable insights with respect to grape production. Effective cultivation measures should be considered to improve existing production problems and lay a solid theoretical foundation for growing high-quality grapes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature caused abnormal berry softening.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High temperature causes abnormal softening and difficulty in coloring of berries”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature caused difficulty in berry coloring.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High temperature causes abnormal softening and difficulty in coloring of berries”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Weak light slowed sugar and anthocyanin metabolism in berries.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Weak light leads to a slowdown in sugar and anthocyanin metabolism in berries”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Varieties differed in berry coloring responses to high temperature and low light.
- Taxon
- grapee0
- Treatment
- high temperature and low lighte0
- Outcome
- grape coloringe0
- Qualifier
- differences were observed among varietiese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Both high temperature and low light affected grape coloring; however, differences were observed among varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin metabolite types balanced in response to heat and low light.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- high temperature and low light conditionse0
- Outcome
- balancing of metabolite typese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Anthocyanins respond to high temperature and low light conditions through a balancing of metabolite types”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Light and temperature affected the COP1–HY5 pathway that regulates FLS4 expression.
Verbatim
e0“The COP1–HY5 signaling pathway, which regulates the expression of FLS4 , was affected by light and temperature”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperatures benefited sugar accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High temperatures were beneficial for sugar accumulation but resulted in fruit softening”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperatures resulted in fruit softening.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“High temperatures were beneficial for sugar accumulation but resulted in fruit softening”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Weak light affected sugar accumulation.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“weak light affected sugar accumulation but did not cause fruit softening”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Weak light did not cause fruit softening.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“weak light affected sugar accumulation but did not cause fruit softening”
t0“grape”
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