Abstract
Industrial emissions and human activities are the primary cause of heavy metals pollution in agricultural soils.An experiment was conducted for the investigation of healing effects of SA in sunflower growth and fatty acid composition on Cd exposure.This experiment was conducted according to factorial design.Sunflower plants were subjected to five different concentrations of Cd and subsequently treated with three treatments of salicylic acid via foliar spraying.Seven days after the application of final treatments of SA, plants of sunflower were collected and their roots, leaves and stem were separated, and growth parameters were measured.A Soxhlet system was used for the extraction of leaf oil, and fatty acid composition was analyzed by using gas chromatography.Statistical analyses revealed that growth parameters (length of roots and stems, number of leaves, and leaves fresh weight) were reduced when Cd concentration was increased, while application of SA enhanced these parameters as compared to controlled plants.The most prominent reduction in these parameters occurred at 0 mol of SA and 200 mol Cd.Cd exposure led to alterations in fatty acid composition, which resulted in an increase in saturated fatty acids and a reduction in the content of unsaturated fatty acids in sunflower leaves, whereas these effects were ameliorated on the foliar application of SA.Specifically, SA notably decreased the percentage of palmitic acid and increase linoleic acid.These findings suggest that by preserving membrane integrity through lipid esters, SA could serve as a potential growth regulator offering enhanced plant resistance to Cd stress and protection against oxidative stress induced by Cd.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cadmium concentration reduced root and stem length, leaf number, and leaf fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- Cd concentratione0
- Outcome
- length of roots and stems, number of leaves, and leaves fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth parameters (length of roots and stems, number of leaves, and leaves fresh weight) were reduced when Cd concentration was increased”
t0“Mitigating the Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth and Lipid Composition ofSunflower by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid enhanced growth parameters compared with controlled plants.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- application of SAe0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controlled plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of SA enhanced these parameters as compared to controlled plants”
t0“Mitigating the Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth and Lipid Composition ofSunflower by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The strongest growth reduction occurred at 0 mol SA and 200 mol Cd.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 0 mol of SA and 200 mol Cde0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most prominent reduction in these parameters occurred at 0 mol of SA and 200 mol Cd”
t0“Mitigating the Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth and Lipid Composition ofSunflower by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure increased saturated fatty acids in sunflower leaves.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- saturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd exposure led to alterations in fatty acid composition, which resulted in an increase in saturated fatty acids and a reduction in the content of unsaturated fatty acids in sunflower leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure reduced unsaturated fatty acid content in sunflower leaves.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- content of unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd exposure led to alterations in fatty acid composition, which resulted in an increase in saturated fatty acids and a reduction in the content of unsaturated fatty acids in sunflower leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar salicylic acid ameliorated cadmium-induced fatty-acid changes.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of SAe0
- Outcome
- these effectse0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these effects were ameliorated on the foliar application of SA”
t0“Mitigating the Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth and Lipid Composition ofSunflower by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid decreased palmitic acid percentage.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- percentage of palmitic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA notably decreased the percentage of palmitic acid”
t0“Mitigating the Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth and Lipid Composition ofSunflower by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased linoleic acid.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- linoleic acide0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA notably decreased the percentage of palmitic acid and increase linoleic acid”
t0“Mitigating the Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth and Lipid Composition ofSunflower by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest SA could preserve membrane integrity through lipid esters and improve cadmium resistance.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- enhanced plant resistance to Cd stresse0
- Qualifier
- preserving membrane integrity through lipid esterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by preserving membrane integrity through lipid esters, SA could serve as a potential growth regulator offering enhanced plant resistance to Cd stress”
t0“Mitigating the Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth and Lipid Composition ofSunflower by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
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6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
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4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →cadmium atom · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.