Abstract
Stable productivity, essential for winter wheat as a strategic crop, can only be achieved by meeting its growth and development requirements, especially nutrition. Soddy-podzolic soils, typically highly acidic in their natural state, are unsuitable for realizing winter wheat's full yield potential. Combined fertilizer and lime application is a key factor for grain yield and quality. While lime (CaCO3) is widely used to reclaim acidic soils, determining the optimal application rate, particularly in combination with mineral fertilizers, is crucial. This research investigated the effect of applying 0,5-2,0 lime norms based on soil hydrolytic acidity (Hh, mmol/100 g) combined with a moderate norm of N60P60K60 mineral fertilizers on winter wheat grain yield and quality. The soil had an initial pHKCl of 4.8 and a hydrolytic acidity of 2,3 mmol/100 g of soil. Field, laboratory, calculation, statistical, and generalization methods were employed. The experiment revealed the lowest grain yield in the control and N60P60K60 treatments without liming. Lime application at various rates with N60P60K60 increased grain yield by 0,74-0,89 t/ha compared to the control, with the 1,5 CaCO3 norm by Hh achieving the best results. The application of 2,0 norms of CaCO3 led to a statistical decrease in yield by 0,14 t/ha (p≤0,05) due to a reduction in available nutrient compounds in the soil. Liming also affected the main indicators of grain quality of winter wheat. An increase to the control was found for the weight of 1000 grains and protein content, while the actual weight of the grain decreased. As the most optimal treatment, regarding grain quality, was found out the option of 1,0 CaCO3 norm based on soil hydrolytic acidity in combination with N60P60K60, with the winter wheat grain yield of 3,54 t/ha and an increase in the protein content in it by 6,8% to the background
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Control and fertilizer without lime had the lowest grain yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- N60P60K60 treatments without liminge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest grain yield in the control and N60P60K60 treatments without liming.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime plus N60P60K60 increased grain yield by 0,74-0,89 t/ha relative to control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Lime application at various rates with N60P60K60e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0,74-0,89 t/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lime application at various rates with N60P60K60 increased grain yield by 0,74-0,89 t/ha compared to the control”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1,5 CaCO3 norm gave the best yield result.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1,5 CaCO3 norm by Hhe0
- Outcome
- best resultse0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 1,5 CaCO3 norm by Hh achieving the best results.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2,0 CaCO3 norms yield declined 0,14 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,0 norms of CaCO3e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 0,14 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 2,0 norms of CaCO3 led to a statistical decrease in yield by 0,14 t/ha (p≤0,05)”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased the weight of 1000 grains.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Limingt1
- Outcome
- weight of 1000 grainse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase to the control was found for the weight of 1000 grains”
t0“winter wheat”
t1“Liming also affected the main indicators”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased protein content versus control.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Limingt1
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase to the control was found for the weight of 1000 grains and protein content”
t0“winter wheat”
t1“Liming also affected the main indicators”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming decreased actual grain weight.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Limingt1
- Outcome
- actual weight of the graine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the actual weight of the grain decreased.”
t0“winter wheat”
t1“Liming also affected the main indicators”
Claim · model-written summary
One CaCO3 norm plus fertilizer yielded 3,54 t/ha.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 1,0 CaCO3 norm based on soil hydrolytic acidity in combination with N60P60K60e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 3,54 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,0 CaCO3 norm based on soil hydrolytic acidity in combination with N60P60K60, with the winter wheat grain yield of 3,54 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
One CaCO3 norm plus fertilizer increased grain protein by 6,8% relative to background.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1,0 CaCO3 norm based on soil hydrolytic acidity in combination with N60P60K60t1
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6,8%e0
- Comparator
- backgrounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the protein content in it by 6,8% to the background”
t0“winter wheat”
t1“1,0 CaCO3 norm based on soil hydrolytic acidity in combination with N60P60K60”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify one CaCO3 norm plus fertilizer as optimal for grain quality.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- 1,0 CaCO3 norm based on soil hydrolytic acidity in combination with N60P60K60e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the most optimal treatment, regarding grain quality, was found out the option of 1,0 CaCO3 norm based on soil hydrolytic acidity in combination with N60P60K60”
t0“winter wheat”
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See all 173 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.