Abstract
This study reports long-and medium-term effects of the application of up to 12 Mg ha -1 of phosphogypsum (PG) as soil conditioner and source of Ca and S, in two field trials, conducted under no-till systems.One field trial was located in Ponta Grossa, state of Paraná (PR), Brazil, on a loamy Oxisol, which received lime and PG applications in 1993.Another area of study was located in Guarapuava (PR), on a clayey Oxisol,which received PG in 2005.After thirteen years of surface-applied lime on the loamy Oxisol, we observed soil acidity reduction up to 80 cm depth, while PG effects Ca 2+ and S-SO 4 2contents were more pronounced at deeper soil layers.Sulfate distribution in soil profiles was mostly correlated with Fe d and Fe d -Fe o .However, there was no long-term effect of lime and PG additions on no-till maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields.An appreciable movement of SO 4 2--S to the subsoil was observed in soil samples from the clayey Oxisol after surface-applied PG.This was observed even in the medium term (3.5 years) and despite the higher adsorption capacity of sulfate.In this case, PG addition had positive benefits on maize and triticale (X Triticosecale) yields due to the supply of Ca 2+ and SO 4 -2 -S to the plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Surface lime reduced soil acidity to 80 cm depth after thirteen years on the loamy Oxisol.
- Treatment
- surface-applied limee0
- Outcome
- soil aciditye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 80 cme0
- Qualifier
- After thirteen yearse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“After thirteen years of surface-applied lime on the loamy Oxisol, we observed soil acidity reduction up to 80 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphogypsum effects on calcium and sulfate contents were more pronounced in deeper soil layers.
- Treatment
- PGe0
- Outcome
- Ca 2+ and S-SO 4 2contentse0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- deeper soil layerse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“PG effects Ca 2+ and S-SO 4 2contents were more pronounced at deeper soil layers”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil sulfate distribution mostly correlated with Fe d and Fe d -Fe o.
- Compound
- Fe d and Fe d -Fe oe0
- Outcome
- Sulfate distribution in soil profilese0
- Qualifier
- mostly correlatede0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Sulfate distribution in soil profiles was mostly correlated with Fe d and Fe d -Fe o .”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime and PG additions had no long-term effect on maize yield.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no long-term effect of lime and PG additions on no-till maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime and PG additions had no long-term effect on wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- lime and PG additionse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- no long-term effecte0
- Qualifier
- no-tille0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no long-term effect of lime and PG additions on no-till maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface PG caused appreciable sulfate movement to clayey Oxisol subsoil, even after 3.5 years despite greater sulfate adsorption capacity.
- Treatment
- surface-applied PGe0
- Outcome
- movement of SO 4 2--S to the subsoile0
- Qualifier
- even in the medium term (3.5 years) and despite the higher adsorption capacity of sulfatee0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“An appreciable movement of SO 4 2--S to the subsoil was observed in soil samples from the clayey Oxisol after surface-applied PG.This was observed even in the medium term (3.5 years) and despite the higher adsorption capacity of sulfate.”
Claim · model-written summary
PG addition benefited maize yields.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PG addition had positive benefits on maize and triticale (X Triticosecale) yields due to the supply of Ca 2+ and SO 4 -2 -S to the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PG addition benefited triticale yields.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalee0 - Treatment
- PG additione0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- positive benefitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PG addition had positive benefits on maize and triticale (X Triticosecale) yields due to the supply of Ca 2+ and SO 4 -2 -S to the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield benefits were attributed to calcium and sulfate supply.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PG addition had positive benefits on maize and triticale (X Triticosecale) yields due to the supply of Ca 2+ and SO 4 -2 -S to the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Triticale yield benefits were attributed to calcium and sulfate supply.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Compound
- Ca 2+ and SO 4 -2 -Se0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Qualifier
- supplye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PG addition had positive benefits on maize and triticale (X Triticosecale) yields due to the supply of Ca 2+ and SO 4 -2 -S to the plants”
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See all 219 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.