Abstract
The root system plays a crucial role in water and nutrient absorption, making it a significant factor affected by nitrogen (N) availability in the soil. However, the intricate dynamics and distribution patterns of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) root density and N nutrient under varying N supplies in Southern Xinjiang, China, have not been thoroughly understood. A two-year experiment (2021 and 2022) was conducted to determine the effects of five N rates (0, 150, 225, 300, and 450 kg N ha −1 ) on the root system, shoot growth, N uptake and distribution, and cotton yield. Compared to the N0 treatment (0 kg N ha −1 ), the application of N fertilizer at a rate of 300 kg N ha −1 resulted in consistent and higher seed cotton yields of 5875 kg ha −1 and 6815 kg ha −1 in 2021 and 2022, respectively. This N fertilization also led to a significant improvement in dry matter weight and N uptake by 32.4% and 53.7%, respectively. Furthermore, applying N fertilizer at a rate of 225 kg N ha −1 significantly increased root length density (RLD), root surface density (RSD), and root volume density (RVD) by 49.6–113.3%, 29.1–95.1%, and 42.2–64.4%, respectively, compared to the treatment without N fertilization (0 kg N ha −1 ). Notably, the roots in the 0–20 cm soil layers exhibited a stronger response to N fertilization compared to the roots distributed in the 20–40 cm soil layers. The root morphology parameters (RLD, RSD, and RVD) at specific soil depths (0–10 cm in the seedling stage, 10–25 cm in the bud stage, and 20–40 cm in the peak boll stage) were significantly associated with N uptake and seed cotton yield. Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer supply within the range of 225–300 kg N ha −1 can enhance root foraging, thereby promoting the interaction between roots and shoots and ultimately improving cotton production in arid areas.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 kg N ha −1, seed cotton yield was 5875 kg ha −1 in 2021 versus N0.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- 300 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5875 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2021e0
- Comparator
- N0 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the N0 treatment (0 kg N ha −1 ), the application of N fertilizer at a rate of 300 kg N ha −1 resulted in consistent and higher seed cotton yields of 5875 kg ha −1 and 6815 kg ha −1 in 2021 and 2022, respectively.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 kg N ha −1, seed cotton yield was 6815 kg ha −1 in 2022 versus N0.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 300 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6815 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
- Comparator
- N0 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the N0 treatment (0 kg N ha −1 ), the application of N fertilizer at a rate of 300 kg N ha −1 resulted in consistent and higher seed cotton yields of 5875 kg ha −1 and 6815 kg ha −1 in 2021 and 2022, respectively.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased dry matter weight by 32.4%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- dry matter weighte0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 32.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This N fertilization also led to a significant improvement in dry matter weight and N uptake by 32.4% and 53.7%, respectively.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased nitrogen uptake by 53.7%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 53.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This N fertilization also led to a significant improvement in dry matter weight and N uptake by 32.4% and 53.7%, respectively.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At 225 kg N ha −1, root length density rose 49.6–113.3% versus no nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 225 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- root length densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 49.6–113.3%e0
- Comparator
- treatment without N fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying N fertilizer at a rate of 225 kg N ha −1 significantly increased root length density (RLD), root surface density (RSD), and root volume density (RVD) by 49.6–113.3%, 29.1–95.1%, and 42.2–64.4%, respectively, compared to the treatment without N fertilization (0 kg N ha −1 )”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At 225 kg N ha −1, root surface density rose 29.1–95.1% versus no nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 225 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- root surface densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.1–95.1%e0
- Comparator
- treatment without N fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying N fertilizer at a rate of 225 kg N ha −1 significantly increased root length density (RLD), root surface density (RSD), and root volume density (RVD) by 49.6–113.3%, 29.1–95.1%, and 42.2–64.4%, respectively, compared to the treatment without N fertilization (0 kg N ha −1 )”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At 225 kg N ha −1, root volume density rose 42.2–64.4% versus no nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 225 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- root volume densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 42.2–64.4%e0
- Comparator
- treatment without N fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying N fertilizer at a rate of 225 kg N ha −1 significantly increased root length density (RLD), root surface density (RSD), and root volume density (RVD) by 49.6–113.3%, 29.1–95.1%, and 42.2–64.4%, respectively, compared to the treatment without N fertilization (0 kg N ha −1 )”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots at 0–20 cm responded more strongly to nitrogen than roots at 20–40 cm.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Qualifier
- 0–20 cm soil layerse0
- Comparator
- roots distributed in the 20–40 cm soil layerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the roots in the 0–20 cm soil layers exhibited a stronger response to N fertilization compared to the roots distributed in the 20–40 cm soil layers”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Root morphology parameters at stage-specific depths were significantly associated with nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Qualifier
- 0–10 cm in the seedling stage, 10–25 cm in the bud stage, and 20–40 cm in the peak boll stagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root morphology parameters (RLD, RSD, and RVD) at specific soil depths (0–10 cm in the seedling stage, 10–25 cm in the bud stage, and 20–40 cm in the peak boll stage) were significantly associated with N uptake and seed cotton yield.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Root morphology parameters at stage-specific depths were significantly associated with seed cotton yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root morphology parameters (RLD, RSD, and RVD) at specific soil depths (0–10 cm in the seedling stage, 10–25 cm in the bud stage, and 20–40 cm in the peak boll stage) were significantly associated with N uptake and seed cotton yield.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude 225–300 kg N ha −1 can improve root foraging and cotton production in arid areas.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 225–300 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- cotton productione0
- Setting
- arid arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer supply within the range of 225–300 kg N ha −1 can enhance root foraging, thereby promoting the interaction between roots and shoots and ultimately improving cotton production in arid areas.”
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