Abstract
Upgrading the efficiency of native soil nitrogen (N) and balancing the N derived from soil and fertilizers under drip irrigation with low-quality water is crucial for reducing N application and curtailing environmental degradation in arid regions. In this study, a control experiment with four N (15N-labeled urea) rates of 0 (F0), 255 (F1), 315 (F2) and 375 kg·ha−1 (F3) was established by applying groundwater (Q1, 1.27 g·l−1), brackish water (Q2, 3.03 g·l−1) and saline water (Q3, 4.90 g·l−1) to differentiate cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake from native soil N and fertilizer N by 15N tracer technology. The results indicated that increasing water salinity increased the soil salt content and significantly reduced cotton biomass. The cumulative utilization percentages of soil N (CUSN) and fertilizer N (CUFN) ranged from 7.4% to 14.1% and 35.9–54.5%, respectively, during the growing season. The CUFN decreased with increasing irrigation water salinity. Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer alleviated the salt stress on N uptake. The N rate of 315 kg·ha−1 promoted soil N and fertilizer N uptake and produced higher percentages of utilization of soil N (PUSN) and fertilizer N (PUFN) during the squaring and flower boll stage under Q1 and Q2 irrigation. An N rate of 375 kg·ha−1 significantly increased PUSN under Q3 irrigation, particularly during the mature stage. In addition, high salinity water and N rates caused a larger fertilizer N loss. Considering cotton growth and balance between soil N and fertilizer N, an N rate of 315 kg·ha−1 was suitable for cotton under mulched drip irrigation when applying Q1 and Q2 in arid regions, and 375 kg·ha−1 was recommended for Q3 irrigation. The appropriate addition of nitrogen fertilizer during the flower boll stage will promote cotton growth under brackish water.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity reduced cotton biomass significantly.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- increasing water salinitye0
- Outcome
- cotton biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing water salinity increased the soil salt content and significantly reduced cotton biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity raised soil salt content.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increasing water salinitye0
- Outcome
- soil salt contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing water salinity increased the soil salt content”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative soil N utilization ranged from 7.4% to 14.1%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- cumulative utilization percentages of soil N (CUSN)e0
- Value
- 7.4% to 14.1%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cumulative utilization percentages of soil N (CUSN) and fertilizer N (CUFN) ranged from 7.4% to 14.1% and 35.9–54.5%, respectively, during the growing season.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative fertilizer N utilization ranged from 35.9–54.5%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- fertilizer N (CUFN)e0
- Value
- 35.9–54.5%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cumulative utilization percentages of soil N (CUSN) and fertilizer N (CUFN) ranged from 7.4% to 14.1% and 35.9–54.5%, respectively, during the growing season.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N utilization declined with increasing irrigation water salinity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increasing irrigation water salinitye0
- Outcome
- CUFNe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CUFN decreased with increasing irrigation water salinity.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate fertilizer alleviated salt stress on nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Appropriate nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- salt stress on N uptakee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer alleviated the salt stress on N uptake.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
315 kg·ha−1 promoted soil and fertilizer N uptake under Q1 and Q2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- squaring and flower boll stagee0
- Treatment
- N rate of 315 kg·ha−1e0
- Outcome
- soil N and fertilizer N uptakee0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- under Q1 and Q2 irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N rate of 315 kg·ha−1 promoted soil N and fertilizer N uptake and produced higher percentages of utilization of soil N (PUSN) and fertilizer N (PUFN) during the squaring and flower boll stage under Q1 and Q2 irrigation.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
315 kg·ha−1 gave higher PUSN and PUFN under Q1 and Q2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- squaring and flower boll stagee0
- Treatment
- N rate of 315 kg·ha−1e0
- Outcome
- percentages of utilization of soil N (PUSN) and fertilizer N (PUFN)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N rate of 315 kg·ha−1 promoted soil N and fertilizer N uptake and produced higher percentages of utilization of soil N (PUSN) and fertilizer N (PUFN) during the squaring and flower boll stage under Q1 and Q2 irrigation.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
375 kg·ha−1 significantly increased PUSN under Q3.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- mature stagee0
- Treatment
- N rate of 375 kg·ha−1e0
- Outcome
- PUSNe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under Q3 irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An N rate of 375 kg·ha−1 significantly increased PUSN under Q3 irrigation, particularly during the mature stage.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity water and N rates caused larger fertilizer N loss.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- high salinity water and N ratese0
- Outcome
- fertilizer N losse0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high salinity water and N rates caused a larger fertilizer N loss”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended 315 kg·ha−1 under Q1 and Q2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Q1 and Q2e0
- Outcome
- N rate of 315 kg·ha−1e0
- Setting
- arid regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an N rate of 315 kg·ha−1 was suitable for cotton under mulched drip irrigation when applying Q1 and Q2 in arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended 375 kg·ha−1 under Q3.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Q3 irrigatione0
- Outcome
- 375 kg·ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“375 kg·ha−1 was recommended for Q3 irrigation”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend adding nitrogen at flower boll stage under brackish water.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- addition of nitrogen fertilizer during the flower boll stagee0
- Qualifier
- under brackish watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The appropriate addition of nitrogen fertilizer during the flower boll stage will promote cotton growth under brackish water.”
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