Abstract
Low doses of glyphosate from application drift can be phytotoxic or stimulate growth of glyphosate-susceptible crops. The application of Si can prevent herbicide-caused plant stress. The effects of Si application (3 mM Si) on low doses (0, 36, 72, and 180 g a.e. ha−1) of glyphosate were determined on Sorghum bicolor in a greenhouse study. Growth parameters, mineral content, metabolite content, and glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) content were measured. Increasing glyphosate content, but no AMPA, was found with increasing glyphosate application rates. Shoot dry weight was increased by 72 g ha−1 of glyphosate when pretreated with Si, and plant height increased in Si-treated plants treated with 72 g ha−1 of glyphosate. Si alone had no effects on growth. Shikimate content was increased by the highest glyphosate rate. Phenylalanine content was generally increased by all glyphosate treatments with or without Si, except for 72 g ha−1 glyphosate without Si. Tyrosine content was increased by 36 and 180 g ha−1 glyphosate without Si. Caffeate content was decreased by Si in the control, and ferulate content was increased with 180 g ha−1 glyphosate in Si-treated plants. Ca levels were reduced by Si at 180 g ha−1 glyphosate. Mn levels were lower than those of the control without Si for all other treatments with Si. The increases in shikimate with the highest glyphosate dose indicated that the herbicide reached its herbicide target and should be causing stress, but the only growth effect was the stimulation of some growth parameters at 72 g ha−1 of glyphosate with Si pretreatment. Similarly, there were increases in some metabolites at some glyphosate concentrations with or without Si. Our results indicate that the rates that we used cause little stress and that Si pretreatment could potentiate glyphosate hormesis for some parameters.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum glyphosate content rose with application rate.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolore1 - Treatment
- glyphosate application ratese0
- Outcome
- glyphosate contente0
- Direction
- Increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing glyphosate content, but no AMPA, was found with increasing glyphosate application rates.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
AMPA did not increase with glyphosate rate.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- glyphosate application ratese0
- Outcome
- AMPAe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing glyphosate content, but no AMPA, was found with increasing glyphosate application rates.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
At 72 g ha−1 glyphosate, silicon pretreatment increased shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- 72 g ha−1 of glyphosate when pretreated with Sie0
- Outcome
- Shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry weight was increased by 72 g ha−1 of glyphosate when pretreated with Si”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon treated plants at 72 g ha−1 glyphosate were taller.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- Si-treated plants treated with 72 g ha−1 of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height increased in Si-treated plants treated with 72 g ha−1 of glyphosate.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon alone had no reported growth effect.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- Si alonee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si alone had no effects on growth.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest glyphosate rate increased shikimate content.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- highest glyphosate ratee0
- Outcome
- Shikimate contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shikimate content was increased by the highest glyphosate rate.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Most glyphosate treatments increased phenylalanine content.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- glyphosate treatments with or without Sie0
- Outcome
- Phenylalanine contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except for 72 g ha−1 glyphosate without Sie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenylalanine content was generally increased by all glyphosate treatments with or without Si, except for 72 g ha−1 glyphosate without Si.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 36 and 180 g ha−1 without silicon increased tyrosine.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- 36 and 180 g ha−1 glyphosate without Sie0
- Outcome
- Tyrosine contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tyrosine content was increased by 36 and 180 g ha−1 glyphosate without Si.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon decreased caffeate in control plants.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- Caffeate contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Caffeate content was decreased by Si in the control”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 180 g ha−1 increased ferulate with silicon.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- 180 g ha−1 glyphosate in Si-treated plantse0
- Outcome
- ferulate contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ferulate content was increased with 180 g ha−1 glyphosate in Si-treated plants.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced Ca at 180 g ha−1 glyphosate.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- Si at 180 g ha−1 glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- Ca levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca levels were reduced by Si at 180 g ha−1 glyphosate.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
All other silicon treatments had less Mn than the control without silicon.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- all other treatments with Sie0
- Outcome
- Mn levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- control without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mn levels were lower than those of the control without Si for all other treatments with Si.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
Claim · model-written summary
The rates caused little stress and silicon may potentiate glyphosate hormesis.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Outcome
- Si pretreatment could potentiate glyphosate hormesise0
- Qualifier
- some parameterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rates that we used cause little stress and that Si pretreatment could potentiate glyphosate hormesis for some parameters.”
e1“Sorghum bicolor”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · growth · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
silicon atom · growth · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.