Abstract
The preservation of post-harvest losses of cowpeas constitutes a major challenge for producers worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the nutritional qualities of cowpea seeds treated with a bio-insecticide formulated from M. charantia leaves extract in association with gum arabic/kaolinite composite. Three bio-insecticides were formulated using different ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol solvents. These bio-insecticides were obtained by introducing each into a bottle, 10 g of composite in 10 mL of a solution (1 mg/L of extract each extract). However, 5 doses of each formulation (1 %–5 %) were prepared. Each dose of insecticide powders received 20 g of cowpea seeds and then infested with 10 C. maculatus previously starved for 48 h. Then, the biochemical parameters of untreated and treated cowpea seeds using the methanol formulation were evaluated. The obtained results showed that insecticide formulated at 5 % with methanol induced 100 % mortality rate on the second day of treatment with a lethal dose of 0.10 % which is related to its high content of triterpenes and polyphenols. The untreated (UWH) and treated (TWH) seeds without husk have the same contents of ash (2.19 %), proteins (29.14 %), fibers (2.69 %), vitamin C (147.32 mg/100 g) and carbohydrates (53.20 %), while untreated and treated seeds with husk showed the same values in these nutrients even for minerals content. Hence, biochemical analyzes of cowpea seeds treated with the formulated insecticide showed no change in nutritional quality and M. charantia leaves extract in association with gum arabic/kaolinite composite could be used as insect repellent. • Phytochemical contents depend on extractive solvents. • Insecticidal activities of composite associated to M. charantia leaves extracts on C. maculatus have been studied. • F MeOH at D5 % is more effect against C. maculatus . • Composite associated to M. charantia leaves extracts preserve proximal properties of cowpea.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The 5 % methanol formulation induced 100 % mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus on the second day of treatment.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- insecticide formulated at 5 % with methanole1
- Interactor
- Callosobruchus maculatus
Callosobruchus maculatust1pest - Outcome
- mortality of Callosobruchus maculatust1
- Direction
- inducede1
- Value
- 100 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nutritional composition of cowpea (Vigna unguilata)”
t1“mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus”
e1“insecticide formulated at 5 % with methanol induced 100 % mortality rate on the second day of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The lethal dose of the bio-insecticide was 0.10 %.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- lethal dosee2
- Value
- 0.10 %e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nutritional composition of cowpea (Vigna unguilata)”
e2“a lethal dose of 0.10 % which is related to its high content of triterpenes and polyphenols”
Claim · model-written summary
The lethal activity of the bio-insecticide is related to its high content of triterpenes and polyphenols.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- lethal dosee2
- Qualifier
- high content of triterpenes and polyphenolse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nutritional composition of cowpea (Vigna unguilata)”
e2“a lethal dose of 0.10 % which is related to its high content of triterpenes and polyphenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated seeds without husk had the same ash content as untreated seeds (2.19 %).
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- treated (TWH) seeds without huske3
- Outcome
- ashe3
- Direction
- same contentse3
- Value
- 2.19 %e3
- Comparator
- untreated (UWH)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nutritional composition of cowpea (Vigna unguilata)”
e3“The untreated (UWH) and treated (TWH) seeds without husk have the same contents of ash (2.19 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated seeds without husk had the same protein content as untreated seeds (29.14 %).
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- treated (TWH) seeds without huske3
- Outcome
- proteinse4
- Direction
- same contentse3
- Value
- 29.14 %e4
- Comparator
- untreated (UWH)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nutritional composition of cowpea (Vigna unguilata)”
e3“The untreated (UWH) and treated (TWH) seeds without husk have the same contents of ash (2.19 %)”
e4“proteins (29.14 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated seeds without husk had the same fibre content as untreated seeds (2.69 %).
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- treated (TWH) seeds without huske3
- Outcome
- fiberse5
- Direction
- same contentse3
- Value
- 2.69 %e5
- Comparator
- untreated (UWH)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nutritional composition of cowpea (Vigna unguilata)”
e3“The untreated (UWH) and treated (TWH) seeds without husk have the same contents of ash (2.19 %)”
e5“fibers (2.69 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated seeds without husk had the same vitamin C content as untreated seeds (147.32 mg/100 g).
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- treated (TWH) seeds without huske3
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce6
- Direction
- same contentse3
- Value
- 147.32 mg/100 ge6
- Comparator
- untreated (UWH)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nutritional composition of cowpea (Vigna unguilata)”
e3“The untreated (UWH) and treated (TWH) seeds without husk have the same contents of ash (2.19 %)”
e6“vitamin C (147.32 mg/100 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated seeds without husk had the same carbohydrate content as untreated seeds (53.20 %).
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- treated (TWH) seeds without huske3
- Outcome
- carbohydratese7
- Direction
- same contentse3
- Value
- 53.20 %e7
- Comparator
- untreated (UWH)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nutritional composition of cowpea (Vigna unguilata)”
e3“The untreated (UWH) and treated (TWH) seeds without husk have the same contents of ash (2.19 %)”
e7“carbohydrates (53.20 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Momordica charantia leaf extract formulation could be used as an insect repellent.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- insect repellente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“nutritional composition of cowpea (Vigna unguilata)”
e1“could be used as insect repellent”
The same questions in other papers
methanol · Callosobruchus maculatus · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
insecticide · Callosobruchus maculatus · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.