Abstract
Sorghum ratooning, a time and labor-saving cultivation practice, is increasingly being adopted by farmers in Southwest China as an alternative. Efficient N fertilizer management is critical for economical production of sorghum and the long-term protection of the environment. To investigate the impact of N management on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiencies (NUEs) of ratoon sorghum system, a three-year field experiment was conducted for Jinyunuo3 (a hybrid cultivar) and Guojiaohong1 (an inbred cultivar) using 12 combinations of N rates and splitting ratios. The results showed that increasing N rate and splitting application times led to improvements in various growth parameters such as dry matter weight, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), and photosynthetic potential (PP). The main, ratoon, and annual yields increased with N rate increase, but there was no significant difference between 225 and 150 kg N ha −1 in the ratoon and annual yields. Splitting the application of N fertilizer enhanced grain yield compared to a single dose application method, especially three-split applications yielded higher than two-split applications. Compared with N rates of 225 and 150 kg ha −1 , N rate of 75 kg ha −1 increased apparent recovery rate of applied nitrogen (RE N ), agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen (AE N ), and partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen (PFP N ) in both main season and whole year. But through splitting application methods at high N rates could achieve similar or even higher levels of NUEs compared to all applied as basal fertilizer at low N rates. Therefore, it could be recommended that applying 150 kg N ha −1 with a basal-jointing-heading fertilizer ratio of 2:4:4 represented an efficient N management practice to synchronously obtain high grain yield and NUEs in ratoon sorghum system in Southwest China.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rate and splitting improved sorghum growth parameters.
- Treatment
- increasing N rate and splitting application timese0
- Outcome
- dry matter weight, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- improvementse0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing N rate and splitting application times led to improvements in various growth parameters such as dry matter weight, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), and photosynthetic potential (PP)”
t0“Optimal nitrogen management for high yield and N use efficiency of ratoon sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rate and splitting improved photosynthetic potential.
- Treatment
- increasing N rate and splitting application timese0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic potential (PP)e0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing N rate and splitting application times led to improvements in various growth parameters such as dry matter weight, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), and photosynthetic potential (PP)”
t0“Optimal nitrogen management for high yield and N use efficiency of ratoon sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Main, ratoon, and annual sorghum yields increased with nitrogen rate.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main, ratoon, and annual yields increased with N rate increase”
t0“Optimal nitrogen management for high yield and N use efficiency of ratoon sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Ratoon and annual yields did not differ significantly between 225 and 150 kg N per hectare.
- Treatment
- 225e0
- Outcome
- ratoon and annual yieldse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- 150 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference between 225 and 150 kg N ha −1 in the ratoon and annual yields”
t0“Optimal nitrogen management for high yield and N use efficiency of ratoon sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Split nitrogen application increased sorghum grain yield relative to a single dose.
- Treatment
- Splitting the application of N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- a single dose application methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Splitting the application of N fertilizer enhanced grain yield compared to a single dose application method”
t0“Optimal nitrogen management for high yield and N use efficiency of ratoon sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Three nitrogen splits yielded more than two splits.
- Treatment
- three-split applicationse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- two-split applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three-split applications yielded higher than two-split applications”
t0“Optimal nitrogen management for high yield and N use efficiency of ratoon sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75 kg per hectare nitrogen rate increased recovery, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity over higher rates.
- Treatment
- N rate of 75 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- apparent recovery rate of applied nitrogen (RE N ), agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen (AE N ), and partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen (PFP N )e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- N rates of 225 and 150 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with N rates of 225 and 150 kg ha −1 , N rate of 75 kg ha −1 increased apparent recovery rate of applied nitrogen (RE N ), agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen (AE N ), and partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen (PFP N ) in both main season and whole year”
t0“Optimal nitrogen management for high yield and N use efficiency of ratoon sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Splitting high nitrogen rates achieved similar or higher nitrogen use efficiencies than low rates applied basally.
- Treatment
- splitting application methods at high N ratese0
- Outcome
- NUEse0
- Direction
- similar or even highere0
- Comparator
- all applied as basal fertilizer at low N ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“splitting application methods at high N rates could achieve similar or even higher levels of NUEs compared to all applied as basal fertilizer at low N rates”
t0“Optimal nitrogen management for high yield and N use efficiency of ratoon sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 150 kg N per hectare in a 2:4:4 basal-jointing-heading ratio for high yield and nitrogen efficiency.
- Treatment
- applying 150 kg N ha −1 with a basal-jointing-heading fertilizer ratio of 2:4:4e0
- Outcome
- high grain yield and NUEse0
- Setting
- Southwest Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying 150 kg N ha −1 with a basal-jointing-heading fertilizer ratio of 2:4:4 represented an efficient N management practice to synchronously obtain high grain yield and NUEs in ratoon sorghum system in Southwest China”
t0“sorghum”
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