Abstract
The co-application of N and Fe can improve wine grape composition and promote the formation of flavor compounds. To understand the effects of foliar co-application of N and Fe on wine grape quality and flavonoid content, urea and EDTA-FE were sprayed at three different developmental stages. Urea and EDTA-Fe were sprayed during the early stage of the expansion period, at the end of the early stage of the expansion period to the late stage of the veraison period, and during the late stage of the veraison period. The results demonstrated that the co-application of urea and EDTA-Fe, particularly N application during the late stage of the veraison period and Fe application during the early stage of the berry expansion period (N3Fe1), significantly improved grape quality. Specifically, the soluble solid content of berries increased by 2.78-19.13%, titratable acidity decreased by 6.67-18.84%, the sugar-acid ratio became more balanced, and yield increased by 13.08-40.71%. Further, there was a significant increase in the relative content of amino acids and flavonoids. In conclusion, the application of Fe and N fertilizers at the pre-expansion and late veraison stages of grapes can significantly improve the quality and yield of berries; ultimately, this establishes a foundation for future improvement in the nutritional value of grapes and wine.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
N3Fe1 significantly improved grape quality.
- Taxon
- grapee0
- Treatment
- N application during the late stage of the veraison period and Fe application during the early stage of the berry expansion period (N3Fe1)e0
- Outcome
- grape qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the co-application of urea and EDTA-Fe, particularly N application during the late stage of the veraison period and Fe application during the early stage of the berry expansion period (N3Fe1), significantly improved grape quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry soluble solids rose by 2.78-19.13%.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iront0
- Outcome
- soluble solid content of berriese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.78-19.13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the soluble solid content of berries increased by 2.78-19.13%”
t0“Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iron on Vines at Different Developmental Stages Impacts Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry titratable acidity fell by 6.67-18.84%.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iront0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6.67-18.84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“titratable acidity decreased by 6.67-18.84%”
t0“Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iron on Vines at Different Developmental Stages Impacts Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Composition”
Claim · model-written summary
The berry sugar-acid ratio became more balanced.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iront0
- Outcome
- sugar-acid ratioe0
- Direction
- more balancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the sugar-acid ratio became more balanced”
t0“Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iron on Vines at Different Developmental Stages Impacts Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape yield increased by 13.08-40.71%.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iront0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.08-40.71%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“yield increased by 13.08-40.71%”
t0“Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iron on Vines at Different Developmental Stages Impacts Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative amino acid content increased significantly.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iront0
- Outcome
- relative content of amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant increase in the relative content of amino acids and flavonoids.”
t0“Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iron on Vines at Different Developmental Stages Impacts Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative flavonoid content increased significantly.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iront0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant increase in the relative content of amino acids and flavonoids.”
t0“Foliar Co-Applications of Nitrogen and Iron on Vines at Different Developmental Stages Impacts Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Composition”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Fe application before expansion and N at late veraison to improve berry quality and yield.
Verbatim
e0“the application of Fe and N fertilizers at the pre-expansion and late veraison stages of grapes can significantly improve the quality and yield of berries”
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See all 33 papers →8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.