Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) induced oxidative stress as well as synthesis of non‐specific selenoproteins has been attributed to its toxicity in plants. Selenium toxicity can affect growth, chlorophyll and protein synthesis and crop yield. This study reveals the effects of different sources (sodium selenite and sodium selenate) and levels (2 and 4 mg Se kg −1 soil) of Se on its uptake, leaf physiology, antioxidant defense system, isoenzymic patterns and mitochondrial activity in wheat cultivar PBW621 at tillering and ear‐initiation stages. RESULTS Higher Se accumulation in leaves of wheat plants was observed in selenate than control and selenite treatments. Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control. Significant increase in hydrogen peroxide and activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase in leaves was due to the presence of Se‐induced oxidative stress in wheat plants. CONCLUSION Wheat cultivar PBW621 could adapt to applied selenite concentrations by developing antioxidant defense system but selenate treated plants could exhibit toxicity tolerance up to 2 mg kg −1 and died at high concentrations due to damage to tissue development and function. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Selenate caused higher leaf selenium accumulation than control and selenite treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- selenatee0
- Outcome
- Se accumulation in leavese0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Comparator
- control and selenite treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher Se accumulation in leaves of wheat plants was observed in selenate than control and selenite treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium treatment significantly decreased Selenium tolerance index relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Se‐treatede0
- Outcome
- Selenium tolerance indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium treatment significantly decreased chlorophyll relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Se‐treatede0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium treatment significantly decreased photosynthetic efficiency relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Se‐treatede0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium treatment significantly decreased mitochondrial reduction test relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Se‐treatede0
- Outcome
- mitochondrial reduction teste0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium treatment significantly decreased electron transport system activity relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Se‐treatede0
- Outcome
- electron transport system activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium treatment significantly decreased lipid peroxidation relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Se‐treatede0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium treatment significantly decreased proline relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Se‐treatede0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium treatment significantly decreased glutathione relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Se‐treatede0
- Outcome
- glutathionee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium tolerance index, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, mitochondrial reduction test, electron transport system activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and glutathione in Se‐treated wheat plants decreased significantly as compared to control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium stress significantly increased leaf hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Se‐induced oxidative stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase in hydrogen peroxide and activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase in leaves was due to the presence of Se‐induced oxidative stress in wheat plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium stress significantly increased leaf catalase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Se‐induced oxidative stresse0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase in hydrogen peroxide and activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase in leaves was due to the presence of Se‐induced oxidative stress in wheat plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium stress significantly increased leaf peroxidase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Se‐induced oxidative stresse0
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase in hydrogen peroxide and activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase in leaves was due to the presence of Se‐induced oxidative stress in wheat plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium stress significantly increased leaf superoxide dismutase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Se‐induced oxidative stresse0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase in hydrogen peroxide and activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase in leaves was due to the presence of Se‐induced oxidative stress in wheat plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium stress significantly increased leaf glutathione reductase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Se‐induced oxidative stresse0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increase in hydrogen peroxide and activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase in leaves was due to the presence of Se‐induced oxidative stress in wheat plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
PBW621 adapted to applied selenite concentrations through antioxidant defense.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- PBW621e0
- Outcome
- adapt to applied selenite concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- developing antioxidant defense systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat cultivar PBW621 could adapt to applied selenite concentrations by developing antioxidant defense system”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenate treated PBW621 tolerated toxicity up to 2 mg kg −1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- selenatee0
- Outcome
- toxicity tolerancee0
- Value
- 2 mg kg −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selenate treated plants could exhibit toxicity tolerance up to 2 mg kg −1”
e1“Wheat cultivar PBW621”
Claim · model-written summary
PBW621 died at high selenate concentrations due to damaged tissue development and function.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- selenatee1
- Outcome
- diede0
- Qualifier
- damage to tissue development and functione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“died at high concentrations due to damage to tissue development and function”
e1“Wheat cultivar PBW621 could adapt to applied selenite concentrations by developing antioxidant defense system but selenate treated plants”
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See all 27 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.