Abstract
In no-till cropping systems, banding of phosphorus (P) fertiliser at seeding results in low use efficiency due to chemical reactions in soil. Foliar P has the potential to allow grain producers to respond tactically with P application after sowing when P supply from soil and fertiliser is not meeting crop demand. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of foliar P on wheat grain yield, grain quality, biomass yield, P uptake and P use efficiency indices. Nine field experiments were conducted to investigate the response of wheat to foliar P. Three rates of P, 0, 2.5 and 5.0 kg/ha, as phosphoric acid (H3PO4 85%) were applied to wheat at three different growth stages: first tiller emergence (Z21), first node detection (Z31) and flag leaf emergence (Z39). Grain yield responses ranging from 176 kg/ha to 505 kg/ha to foliar-applied P were observed in six out of nine experiments. The percent grain yield response to foliar P was negatively related to the P buffering index (PBI, 0–10 cm soil depth), which is attributed to greater sorption by soil of the foliar P at the higher PBI levels. Mean agronomic efficiency (AE) across the experiments was 111 kg/kg P but reached up to 232 kg/kg P. It was also evident that foliar P has the potential to improve P concentration in shoots and grains and increase P uptake but with no or minimal effect on grain quality. Our results suggest that a combination of tissue testing at the seedling stage and soil P buffering can be used to guide when foliar P application is likely to increase grain yield in wheat.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar phosphorus increased wheat grain yield by 176–505 kg/ha in six of nine experiments.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- foliar-applied Pe0
- Outcome
- Grain yield responsese0
- Value
- 176 kg/ha to 505 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- six out of nine experimentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield responses ranging from 176 kg/ha to 505 kg/ha to foliar-applied P were observed in six out of nine experiments.”
e1“response of wheat to foliar P”
Claim · model-written summary
Percent grain-yield response to foliar phosphorus was negatively related to soil phosphorus buffering index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- foliar Pe0
- Outcome
- percent grain yield responsee0
- Direction
- negatively relatede0
- Qualifier
- P buffering index (PBI, 0–10 cm soil depth)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent grain yield response to foliar P was negatively related to the P buffering index (PBI, 0–10 cm soil depth)”
e1“response of wheat to foliar P”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean agronomic efficiency of foliar phosphorus across experiments was 111 kg/kg P.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency (AE)e0
- Value
- 111 kg/kg Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean agronomic efficiency (AE) across the experiments was 111 kg/kg P but reached up to 232 kg/kg P.”
e1“response of wheat to foliar P”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic efficiency reached up to 232 kg/kg P.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency (AE)e0
- Direction
- reached up toe0
- Value
- 232 kg/kg Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean agronomic efficiency (AE) across the experiments was 111 kg/kg P but reached up to 232 kg/kg P.”
e1“response of wheat to foliar P”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar phosphorus had potential to improve phosphorus concentration in wheat shoots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- foliar Pe0
- Outcome
- P concentration in shootse0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar P has the potential to improve P concentration in shoots and grains and increase P uptake but with no or minimal effect on grain quality.”
e1“response of wheat to foliar P”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar phosphorus had potential to improve phosphorus concentration in wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- foliar Pe0
- Outcome
- P concentration in shoots and grainse0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar P has the potential to improve P concentration in shoots and grains and increase P uptake but with no or minimal effect on grain quality.”
e1“response of wheat to foliar P”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar phosphorus had potential to increase wheat phosphorus uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- foliar Pe0
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar P has the potential to improve P concentration in shoots and grains and increase P uptake but with no or minimal effect on grain quality.”
e1“response of wheat to foliar P”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar phosphorus had no or minimal effect on wheat grain quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- foliar Pe0
- Outcome
- grain qualitye0
- Direction
- no or minimal effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar P has the potential to improve P concentration in shoots and grains and increase P uptake but with no or minimal effect on grain quality.”
e1“response of wheat to foliar P”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested seedling tissue testing and soil phosphorus buffering to guide foliar phosphorus timing for wheat yield gains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- guide when foliar P application is likely to increase grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- tissue testing at the seedling stage and soil P bufferinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a combination of tissue testing at the seedling stage and soil P buffering can be used to guide when foliar P application is likely to increase grain yield in wheat.”
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