Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley Governorate, Egypt, during the two successful seasons of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization at rates of 45, 60, 75, and 90 kg N/feddan in the form of urea and foliar spraying with seaweed extract (SWE) at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 ml/l beside untreated control and their interactions between them on growth, productivity, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and head quality of lettuce cv. Dark Green, grown in sandy soil. The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons. Moreover, this interaction treatment scored relative increases about 65.84% acreage of the two seasons over the interaction between fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with distilled water (control plants). As for NUE and nitrate concentration in lettuce plants, fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l record the maximum NUE (average two seasons, 286.35 kg yield/one kg N) and the minimum nitrate concentration in leaves (average two seasons, 174.00 ppm). Despite the use of a high rate of nitrogen fertilization (90 kg/fed.) and spraying lettuce plants with SWE at 6 ml/l, which recorded the maximum yield per feddan, the percentage of nitrate (295.15 average two seasons) that was estimated in the leaves did not reach the maximum permissible limit of nitrates (2 g/kg DW).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters.
- Taxon
- LETTUCE
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“LETTUCE”
e0“The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoidese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“LETTUCE”
e0“The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leavese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“LETTUCE”
e0“The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced total yield.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“LETTUCE”
e0“The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced leaves content of N, P, and K.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- leaves content of N, P, and Ke0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“LETTUCE”
e0“The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced total soluble solids, and vitamin C.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids, and vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“LETTUCE”
e0“The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The high nitrogen and SWE treatment increased acreage by about 65.84% versus low nitrogen and distilled water.
- Taxon
- LETTUCELactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- acreagee1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 65.84%e1
- Comparator
- fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with distilled watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“LETTUCE”
e0“The results clearly demonstrated that the interaction between fertilizing lettuce plants with 90 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, leaf pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoides, head traits such as head diameter, head fresh weight, dry matter percentage in leaves, and the total yield (ton/fed.), leaves content of N, P, and K, total soluble solids, and vitamin C in both seasons.”
e1“Moreover, this interaction treatment scored relative increases about 65.84% acreage of the two seasons over the interaction between fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with distilled water (control plants).”
Claim · model-written summary
The 45 kg N/fed. plus SWE treatment gave maximum NUE at 286.35 kg yield/one kg N.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 286.35 kg yield/one kg Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As for NUE and nitrate concentration in lettuce plants, fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l record the maximum NUE (average two seasons, 286.35 kg yield/one kg N) and the minimum nitrate concentration in leaves (average two seasons, 174.00 ppm).”
Claim · model-written summary
The 45 kg N/fed. plus SWE treatment gave minimum nitrate concentration in leaves at 174.00 ppm.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- nitrate concentration in leavese0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 174.00 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As for NUE and nitrate concentration in lettuce plants, fertilizing plants with 45 kg N/fed. and foliar spraying with SWE at 6 ml/l record the maximum NUE (average two seasons, 286.35 kg yield/one kg N) and the minimum nitrate concentration in leaves (average two seasons, 174.00 ppm).”
Claim · model-written summary
The high nitrogen and SWE treatment gave the maximum yield per feddan.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- high rate of nitrogen fertilization (90 kg/fed.) and spraying lettuce plants with SWE at 6 ml/le0
- Outcome
- yield per feddane0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite the use of a high rate of nitrogen fertilization (90 kg/fed.) and spraying lettuce plants with SWE at 6 ml/l, which recorded the maximum yield per feddan, the percentage of nitrate (295.15 average two seasons) that was estimated in the leaves did not reach the maximum permissible limit of nitrates (2 g/kg DW).”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrate under the high nitrogen and SWE treatment was 295.15 on average and below the permissible limit.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- percentage of nitratee0
- Direction
- did not reache0
- Value
- 295.15e0
- Qualifier
- 2 g/kg DWe0
- Comparator
- maximum permissible limit of nitratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite the use of a high rate of nitrogen fertilization (90 kg/fed.) and spraying lettuce plants with SWE at 6 ml/l, which recorded the maximum yield per feddan, the percentage of nitrate (295.15 average two seasons) that was estimated in the leaves did not reach the maximum permissible limit of nitrates (2 g/kg DW).”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.