Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play a vital role in the induction of morphogenesis in vitro. Synthetic PGRs are commonly used to induce organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from various explants, while natural substances are rarely utilized. This study aimed to enhance the regenerative response in Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants using Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract and to elucidate the biochemical interactions during modulation of endogenous plant growth regulators, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin, and 6-(γ, γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP). Tulsi leaf extract significantly improved shoot production through interactions between endogenous hormones and those present in the extract, which enhanced stress mitigation. The 20% Tulsi leaf extract treatment produced significantly more shoots than the control, coinciding with increased endogenous IAA and zeatin levels starting on day 10 in culture. Furthermore, ABA and zeatin concentrations increased on days 15 and 25, respectively, in the 20% Tulsi extract treatment, suggesting their role in the induction of somatic embryo-like structures. ABA likely acts as an activator of stress responses, encouraging the development of these structures. Additionally, 2iP was involved in the induction of both forms of regeneration in the 10% and 20% extract treatments, especially in combination with ABA. These results suggest that Tulsi leaf extract holds promising potential as a natural supplement for increasing plant regeneration in vitro and advancing our understanding of how natural extracts of plant origin can be harnessed to optimize plant regeneration processes in vitro.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Tulsi leaf extract improved shoot production.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- Tulsi leaf extracte0
- Outcome
- shoot productione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tulsi leaf extract significantly improved shoot production through interactions between endogenous hormones and those present in the extract”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty percent Tulsi extract produced more shoots than control.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 20% Tulsi leaf extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- shootse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 20% Tulsi leaf extract treatment produced significantly more shoots than the control”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty percent Tulsi extract coincided with increased IAA and zeatin from day 10.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 20% Tulsi leaf extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- endogenous IAA and zeatin levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- starting on day 10 in culturee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 20% Tulsi leaf extract treatment produced significantly more shoots than the control, coinciding with increased endogenous IAA and zeatin levels starting on day 10 in culture”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA concentration rose on day 15 under 20% Tulsi extract.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 20% Tulsi extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- ABAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- days 15 and 25e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA and zeatin concentrations increased on days 15 and 25, respectively, in the 20% Tulsi extract treatment”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin concentration rose on day 25 under 20% Tulsi extract.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 20% Tulsi extract treatmente0
- Outcome
- zeatin concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- days 15 and 25e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA and zeatin concentrations increased on days 15 and 25, respectively, in the 20% Tulsi extract treatment”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors implicate ABA in stress responses that encourage embryo-like structures.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- development of these structurese0
- Qualifier
- stress responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA likely acts as an activator of stress responses, encouraging the development of these structures”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors implicate 2iP with ABA in both regeneration forms at 10% and 20% extract.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 10% and 20% extract treatmentse0
- Compound
- 2iPe0
- Outcome
- induction of both forms of regeneratione0
- Qualifier
- especially in combination with ABAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2iP was involved in the induction of both forms of regeneration in the 10% and 20% extract treatments, especially in combination with ABA”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants”
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