Abstract
Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of the reproductive stage of closed-flowering barley on Fusarium graminearum infection and to evaluate the efficacy of pre-inoculation fungicide application in controlling Fusarium head blight (FHB) and reducing grain contamination with the deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin. Two experiments, in a completely randomized design with eight replicates, were conducted in a growth chamber at different temperatures. The statistical analysis was nonparametric, using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Potted plants of the BRS BRAU barley cultivar were inoculated by spraying a conidial suspension at the following three reproductive stages: anthesis halfway, grain at medium milk, and soft dough. The tebuconazole fungicide was sprayed 48 hours before pathogen inoculation. The FHB symptoms caused by the inoculation with F. graminearum at the medium milk stage are fully visible, although fungicide application before pathogen inoculation controls the disease, but mild at the anthesis halfway and soft dough stages. Inoculation at the three stages results in grain contamination with DON, which is reduced by pre-inoculation fungicide application.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium symptoms at medium milk were fully visible, whereas they were mild at anthesis halfway and soft dough.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- inoculation with F. graminearum at the medium milk stagee0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- FHB symptomse0
- Comparator
- anthesis halfway and soft dough stagese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The FHB symptoms caused by the inoculation with F. graminearum at the medium milk stage are fully visible, although fungicide application before pathogen inoculation controls the disease, but mild at the anthesis halfway and soft dough stages.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide applied before pathogen inoculation controlled Fusarium head blight.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- fungicide application before pathogen inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- the diseasee0
- Direction
- controlse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicide application before pathogen inoculation controls the disease”
t0“Fusarium graminearum infection during the reproductive stages of closed-flowering barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation at each of the three reproductive stages contaminated barley grain with DON.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Inoculation at the three stagese0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- grain contamination with DONe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation at the three stages results in grain contamination with DON, which is reduced by pre-inoculation fungicide application.”
t0“Fusarium graminearum infection during the reproductive stages of closed-flowering barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-inoculation fungicide application reduced grain DON contamination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- pre-inoculation fungicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- grain contamination with DONe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain contamination with DON, which is reduced by pre-inoculation fungicide application”
t0“Fusarium graminearum infection during the reproductive stages of closed-flowering barley”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.