Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) causes yield losses and accumulation of trichothecene mycotoxins (e.g. deoxynivalenol [DON]) in grains. Glucosylation of DON to the nontoxic DON-3-O-glucoside (D3G) is catalyzed by UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), such as barley UGT13248. We explored the natural diversity of UGT13248 in 496 barley accessions and showed that all carried potential functional alleles of UGT13248, as no genotypes showed strongly increased seedling sensitivity to DON. From a TILLING population, we identified 2 mutant alleles (T368I and H369Y) that, based on protein modeling, likely affect the UDP-glucose binding of UGT13248. In DON feeding experiments, DON-to-D3G conversion was strongly reduced in spikes of these mutants compared to controls, and plants overexpressing UGT13248 showed increased resistance to DON and increased DON-to-D3G conversion. Moreover, field-grown plants carrying the T368I or H369Y mutations inoculated with Fusarium graminearum showed increased FHB disease severity and reduced D3G production. Barley is generally considered to have type II resistance that limits the spread of F. graminearum from the infected spikelet to adjacent spikelets. Point inoculation experiments with F. graminearum showed increased infection spread in T368I and H369Y across the spike compared to wild type, while overexpression plants showed decreased spread of FHB symptoms. Confocal microscopy revealed that F. graminearum spread to distant rachis nodes in T368I and H369Y mutants but was arrested at the rachis node of the inoculated spikelet in wild-type plants. Taken together, our data reveal that UGT13248 confers type II resistance to FHB in barley via conjugation of DON to D3G.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All 496 barley accessions carried potentially functional UGT13248 alleles.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Gene
- UGT13248e0
- Outcome
- potential functional alleles of UGT13248e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all carried potential functional alleles of UGT13248”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
T368I and H369Y mutant alleles were identified and modeled as likely affecting UGT13248 UDP-glucose binding.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- T368I and H369Ye0
- Gene
- UGT13248e0
- Outcome
- UDP-glucose binding of UGT13248e0
- Value
- 2 mutant allelese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified 2 mutant alleles (T368I and H369Y) that, based on protein modeling, likely affect the UDP-glucose binding of UGT13248”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
DON-to-D3G conversion was strongly reduced in mutant spikes relative to controls.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- spikese0
- Treatment
- these mutantse0
- Outcome
- DON-to-D3G conversione0
- Direction
- strongly reducede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DON-to-D3G conversion was strongly reduced in spikes of these mutants compared to controls”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
UGT13248-overexpressing plants had increased resistance to DON.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- overexpressing UGT13248e0
- Gene
- UGT13248e0
- Outcome
- resistance to DONe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants overexpressing UGT13248 showed increased resistance to DON”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
UGT13248-overexpressing plants had increased DON-to-D3G conversion.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- overexpressing UGT13248e0
- Gene
- UGT13248e0
- Outcome
- DON-to-D3G conversione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants overexpressing UGT13248 showed increased resistance to DON and increased DON-to-D3G conversion”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
T368I or H369Y barley inoculated with F. graminearum had increased FHB severity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- T368I or H369Ye0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Fusarium graminearume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- FHB disease severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- field-growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“field-grown plants carrying the T368I or H369Y mutations inoculated with Fusarium graminearum showed increased FHB disease severity”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same inoculated mutants had reduced D3G production.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- T368I or H369Ye0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Fusarium graminearume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- D3G productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- field-growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field-grown plants carrying the T368I or H369Y mutations inoculated with Fusarium graminearum showed increased FHB disease severity and reduced D3G production”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection spread increased across T368I and H369Y spikes relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- T368I and H369Ye0
- Organ / stage
- spikee0
- Outcome
- infection spreade0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased infection spread in T368I and H369Y across the spike compared to wild type”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
UGT13248 overexpression decreased FHB symptom spread.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- overexpressione0
- Outcome
- spread of FHB symptomse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression plants showed decreased spread of FHB symptoms”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
F. graminearum reached distant rachis nodes in mutants but stopped at the inoculated node in wild type.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- T368I and H369Ye0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- spread to distant rachis nodese0
- Direction
- spreade0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. graminearum spread to distant rachis nodes in T368I and H369Y mutants but was arrested at the rachis node of the inoculated spikelet in wild-type plants”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
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See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.