Abstract
Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod. To investigate the effects of different lighting on growth, chlorophyll content, and secondary metabolism, basil plants were grown from seedlings to fully expanded plants in microcosm devices under different light conditions: (a) white light at 250 and 380 μmol·m−2·s−1 under 16/8 h light/dark and (b) white light at 380 μmol·m−2·s−1 under 16/8 and 24/0 h light/dark. A higher yield was recorded under 380 μmol·m−2·s−1 compared to 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 (fresh and dry biomasses 260.6 ± 11.3 g vs. 144.9 ± 14.6 g and 34.1 ± 2.6 g vs. 13.2 ± 1.4 g, respectively), but not under longer photoperiods. No differences in plant height and chlorophyll content index were recorded, regardless of the PPFD level and photoperiod length. Almost the same volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected under the different lighting treatments, belonging to terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and ketones. Linalool, eucalyptol, and eugenol were the main VOCs regardless of the lighting conditions. The multivariate data analysis showed a sharp separation of non-volatile metabolites in apical and middle leaves, but this was not related to different PPFD levels. Higher levels of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were detected in plants grown under 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 and 380 μmol·m−2·s−1, respectively. A low separation of non-volatile metabolites based on the photoperiod length and VOC overexpression under longer photoperiods were also highlighted.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Basil yield was higher under 380 than under 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 light, but not under longer photoperiods.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- 380 μmol·m−2·s−1e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 260.6 ± 11.3 g vs. 144.9 ± 14.6 ge1
- Qualifier
- not under longer photoperiodse1
- Comparator
- 250 μmol·m−2·s−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e1“A higher yield was recorded under 380 μmol·m−2·s−1 compared to 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 (fresh and dry biomasses 260.6 ± 11.3 g vs. 144.9 ± 14.6 g and 34.1 ± 2.6 g vs. 13.2 ± 1.4 g, respectively), but not under longer photoperiods”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer photoperiods did not increase basil yield.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- longer photoperiodse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e1“A higher yield was recorded under 380 μmol·m−2·s−1 compared to 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 (fresh and dry biomasses 260.6 ± 11.3 g vs. 144.9 ± 14.6 g and 34.1 ± 2.6 g vs. 13.2 ± 1.4 g, respectively), but not under longer photoperiods”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height and chlorophyll content index did not differ with PPFD level or photoperiod length.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- PPFD level and photoperiod lengthe2
- Outcome
- plant height and chlorophyll content indexe2
- Direction
- No differencese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e2“No differences in plant height and chlorophyll content index were recorded, regardless of the PPFD level and photoperiod length”
Claim · model-written summary
Almost the same volatile organic compounds were detected under the different lighting treatments.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- volatile organic compounds (VOCs)e3
- Direction
- Almost the samee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e3“Almost the same volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected under the different lighting treatments, belonging to terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and ketones”
Claim · model-written summary
Linalool, eucalyptol and eugenol were the main volatile organic compounds regardless of lighting.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Compound
- Linalool, eucalyptol, and eugenole3
- Outcome
- main VOCse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e3“Linalool, eucalyptol, and eugenol were the main VOCs regardless of the lighting conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesquiterpenes were present at higher levels under 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 light.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- 250 μmol·m−2·s−1e4
- Outcome
- sesquiterpenese4
- Direction
- Higher levelse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e4“Higher levels of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were detected in plants grown under 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 and 380 μmol·m−2·s−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Monoterpenes were present at higher levels under 380 μmol·m−2·s−1 light.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- 380 μmol·m−2·s−1e4
- Outcome
- monoterpenese4
- Direction
- Higher levelse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e4“Higher levels of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were detected in plants grown under 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 and 380 μmol·m−2·s−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Separation of non-volatile metabolites by photoperiod length was low.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- photoperiod lengthe5
- Outcome
- separation of non-volatile metabolitese5
- Direction
- lowe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e5“A low separation of non-volatile metabolites based on the photoperiod length and VOC overexpression under longer photoperiods were also highlighted”
Claim · model-written summary
VOC overexpression occurred under longer photoperiods.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- longer photoperiodse5
- Outcome
- VOC overexpressione5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e5“A low separation of non-volatile metabolites based on the photoperiod length and VOC overexpression under longer photoperiods were also highlighted”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-volatile metabolites separated sharply between apical and middle leaves, not related to PPFD levels.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume0
- Organ / stage
- apical and middle leavese6
- Outcome
- separation of non-volatile metabolitese6
- Direction
- sharpe6
- Qualifier
- not related to different PPFD levelse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod”
e6“The multivariate data analysis showed a sharp separation of non-volatile metabolites in apical and middle leaves, but this was not related to different PPFD levels”
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