Abstract
Abstract Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya. However, knowledge about its epidemiology and management is limited. This study conducted three experiments in Kakamega, Kenya, evaluating scab inoculum sources and control options. The first experiment evaluated three different inoculum sources over two seasons; bean crop residue caused the highest scab incidence in both the 2021 (62.1%) and 2022 (81.1%) seasons. The second experiment assessed the effect of rotation history on scab over three seasons. Scab incidence consistently surpassed 90% within the first 30 days after planting in half‐yearly rotated fields across all seasons, while the disease was absent after planting in fields with no recent history of legumes. Fields rotated out of legumes consistently had the highest grain yield, averaging 1.5 t ha −1 over the seasons. Additionally, the rotation land treatment displayed significantly more pods per plant during the 2021 (9.7), 2022a (9.8), and 2022b (12.5) seasons. In the third experiment, the impact of five fungicides and four cropping systems on bean scab was investigated over two seasons. Neither fungicide treatments nor cropping systems had an effect on bean scab incidence even when only severe symptoms were considered. Carbendazim had the highest yield (1.9 t ha −1 ) outperforming the unsprayed control only in the 2022 season while none of the other fungicides outperformed the control treatment in yield parameters in either season. This study emphasizes the challenge of managing bean scab without proper crop rotation and underscores the role of crop residue as a critical inoculum source.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bean crop residue gave the highest scab incidence in 2021 (62.1%).
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- bean crop residuee1
- Interactor
- Elsinoë phaseolie0pathogen
- Outcome
- scab incidencee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 62.1%e1
- Qualifier
- 2021e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e1“bean crop residue caused the highest scab incidence in both the 2021 (62.1%) and 2022 (81.1%) seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean crop residue gave the highest scab incidence in 2022 (81.1%).
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- bean crop residuee1
- Interactor
- Elsinoë phaseolie0pathogen
- Outcome
- scab incidencee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 81.1%e1
- Qualifier
- 2022e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e1“bean crop residue caused the highest scab incidence in both the 2021 (62.1%) and 2022 (81.1%) seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Scab incidence surpassed 90% within 30 days after planting in rotated fields, whereas the disease was absent in fields with no recent legume history.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- rotation historye2
- Outcome
- Scab incidencee3
- Direction
- surpassede3
- Value
- 90%e3
- Comparator
- fields with no recent history of legumese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e2“The second experiment assessed the effect of rotation history on scab over three seasons”
e3“Scab incidence consistently surpassed 90% within the first 30 days after planting”
e4“the disease was absent after planting in fields with no recent history of legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
The disease was absent after planting in fields with no recent history of legumes.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- no recent history of legumese4
- Outcome
- diseasee4
- Qualifier
- absent after plantinge4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e4“the disease was absent after planting in fields with no recent history of legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fields rotated out of legumes had the highest bean grain yield, averaging 1.5 t/ha over the seasons.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Fields rotated out of legumese5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 1.5 t ha −1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e5“Fields rotated out of legumes consistently had the highest grain yield, averaging 1.5 t ha −1 over the seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The rotation land treatment had significantly more pods per plant in 2021 (9.7).
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- rotation land treatmente6
- Outcome
- pods per plante6
- Direction
- significantly moree6
- Value
- 9.7e6
- Qualifier
- 2021e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e6“the rotation land treatment displayed significantly more pods per plant during the 2021 (9.7), 2022a (9.8), and 2022b (12.5) seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The rotation land treatment had significantly more pods per plant in 2022a (9.8).
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- rotation land treatmente6
- Outcome
- pods per plante6
- Direction
- significantly moree6
- Value
- 9.8e6
- Qualifier
- 2022ae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e6“the rotation land treatment displayed significantly more pods per plant during the 2021 (9.7), 2022a (9.8), and 2022b (12.5) seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The rotation land treatment had significantly more pods per plant in 2022b (12.5).
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- rotation land treatmente6
- Outcome
- pods per plante6
- Direction
- significantly moree6
- Value
- 12.5e6
- Qualifier
- 2022be6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e6“the rotation land treatment displayed significantly more pods per plant during the 2021 (9.7), 2022a (9.8), and 2022b (12.5) seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide treatments had no effect on bean scab incidence, even when only severe symptoms were considered.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmentse7
- Outcome
- bean scab incidencee7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e7“Neither fungicide treatments nor cropping systems had an effect on bean scab incidence even when only severe symptoms were considered”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping systems had no effect on bean scab incidence, even when only severe symptoms were considered.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- cropping systemse7
- Outcome
- bean scab incidencee7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e7“Neither fungicide treatments nor cropping systems had an effect on bean scab incidence even when only severe symptoms were considered”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim gave the highest bean yield, outperforming the unsprayed control only in 2022 (1.9 t/ha).
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 1.9 t ha −1e7
- Qualifier
- only in the 2022 seasone7
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e7“Carbendazim had the highest yield (1.9 t ha −1 ) outperforming the unsprayed control only in the 2022 season”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the other fungicides outperformed the control treatment in yield parameters in either season.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- other fungicidese7
- Outcome
- yield parameterse7
- Direction
- outperformede7
- Comparator
- control treatmente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya”
e7“none of the other fungicides outperformed the control treatment in yield parameters in either season”
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