Abstract
Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are a crucial crop globally, particularly in arid regions where water scarcity is a concern. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of several grape varieties to water deficit stress. The research was conducted within the controlled environment in a factorial experiment with a completely randomized setup comprising three replicates. The first variable, irrigation, consisted of two levels: a 15-day water stress and a control group receiving irrigation maintained at field capacity. The second variable was the grape variety, encompassing a total of 15 commercial varieties. Water deficit stress reduced chlorophyll content in all varieties. ‘Bidaneh Sefid’ variety had the highest chlorophyll content (8.76 µg.g-1 FW). Furthermore, this variety demonstrated superior relative water content under stress (79.22%), whereas ‘Keshmesh’ variety exhibited such performance under normal conditions. The results illustrated a proline content range spanning from 48.48 to 61.01 µmol.g-1 FW. Notably, water deficit stress resulted in elevated proline content, with the highest mean observed in the ‘Khalili’ variety under such stress conditions. Water scarcity impacted grape traits significantly: reduced chlorophyll, relative water content, increased leakage, higher proline, carbohydrate, anthocyanin, and phenols, with varying antioxidants. ‘Bidaneh Sefid’ variety had most chlorophyll, ‘Khalili’ highest proline under stress, ‘Maskeh’ variety excelled in carbohydrate. ‘Fakhri’, ‘Filam Seedless’, ‘Shiregi’ varieties topped anthocyanins; ‘Khalili’ variety showed best antioxidant activity. The findings highlight specific grape varieties that exhibit desirable traits under water deficit stress, such as higher chlorophyll content, proline accumulation, and carbohydrate accumulation. These varieties could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at developing drought-tolerant grape cultivars. Additionally, the identification of varieties with enhanced antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin levels holds potential for the development of grape-based products with possible health benefits.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit stress reduced chlorophyll content in all grape varieties.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.
Vitis viniferae0 - Treatment
- Water deficit stresse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- a control group receiving irrigation maintained at field capacitye2
- Setting
- controlled environmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Water deficit stress reduced chlorophyll content in all varieties”
e2“a control group receiving irrigation maintained at field capacity”
e3“The research was conducted within the controlled environment”
Claim · model-written summary
The variety Bidaneh Sefid had the highest chlorophyll content (8.76 µg.g-1 FW).
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Material
- Bidaneh Sefide4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente4
- Value
- 8.76 µg.g-1 FWe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e4“‘Bidaneh Sefid’ variety had the highest chlorophyll content (8.76 µg.g-1 FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bidaneh Sefid had superior relative water content under stress (79.22%).
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Material
- Bidaneh Sefide4
- Treatment
- under stresse5
- Outcome
- relative water contente5
- Value
- 79.22%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e4“‘Bidaneh Sefid’ variety had the highest chlorophyll content (8.76 µg.g-1 FW)”
e5“this variety demonstrated superior relative water content under stress (79.22%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The variety Keshmesh showed superior relative water content under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Material
- Keshmeshe6
- Treatment
- under normal conditionse6
- Outcome
- relative water contente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e5“this variety demonstrated superior relative water content under stress (79.22%)”
e6“whereas ‘Keshmesh’ variety exhibited such performance under normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content ranged from 48.48 to 61.01 µmol.g-1 FW across the grape varieties.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Outcome
- proline contente7
- Value
- 48.48 to 61.01 µmol.g-1 FWe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e7“The results illustrated a proline content range spanning from 48.48 to 61.01 µmol.g-1 FW”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit stress increased proline content in grape.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- water deficit stresse1
- Outcome
- proline contente1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Notably, water deficit stress resulted in elevated proline content, with the highest mean observed in the ‘Khalili’ variety under such stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The variety Khalili had the highest proline content under water deficit stress.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Material
- Khalilie1
- Treatment
- such stress conditionse1
- Outcome
- proline contente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Notably, water deficit stress resulted in elevated proline content, with the highest mean observed in the ‘Khalili’ variety under such stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Water scarcity increased leakage in grape.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Water scarcitye1
- Outcome
- leakagee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Water scarcity impacted grape traits significantly: reduced chlorophyll, relative water content, increased leakage, higher proline, carbohydrate, anthocyanin, and phenols, with varying antioxidants”
Claim · model-written summary
Water scarcity reduced relative water content in grape.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Water scarcitye1
- Outcome
- relative water contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Water scarcity impacted grape traits significantly: reduced chlorophyll, relative water content, increased leakage, higher proline, carbohydrate, anthocyanin, and phenols, with varying antioxidants”
Claim · model-written summary
Water scarcity increased carbohydrate, anthocyanin and phenols in grape.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Water scarcitye1
- Outcome
- carbohydrate, anthocyanin, and phenolse1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Water scarcity impacted grape traits significantly: reduced chlorophyll, relative water content, increased leakage, higher proline, carbohydrate, anthocyanin, and phenols, with varying antioxidants”
Claim · model-written summary
The variety Maskeh excelled in carbohydrate.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Material
- Maskehe1
- Outcome
- carbohydratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“‘Maskeh’ variety excelled in carbohydrate”
Claim · model-written summary
The varieties Fakhri, Filam Seedless and Shiregi topped anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Material
- ‘Fakhri’, ‘Filam Seedless’, ‘Shiregi’e1
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“‘Fakhri’, ‘Filam Seedless’, ‘Shiregi’ varieties topped anthocyanins”
Claim · model-written summary
The variety Khalili showed the best antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Material
- Khalilie1
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“‘Khalili’ variety showed best antioxidant activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The varieties could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding drought-tolerant grape cultivars.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Outcome
- valuable genetic resources for breeding programse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“These varieties could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at developing drought-tolerant grape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Water scarcity had mixed effects on antioxidants in grape.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Water scarcitye1
- Outcome
- varying antioxidantse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Water scarcity impacted grape traits significantly: reduced chlorophyll, relative water content, increased leakage, higher proline, carbohydrate, anthocyanin, and phenols, with varying antioxidants”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.