Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) poses a serious threat to the environment and its concentration in rice grain causes significant dangers to people’s health. However, the effects of soil pH and organic matter (OM) on the accumulation of Cd in salt-tolerant rice genotypes under Cd stress remain unknown. In this study, separate pot experiments were conducted under Cd stressed soil (5 mg kg-1) with variations in soil pH and OM for the growth of rice plants. The study includes three pH (4, 7 and 9) and OM levels (1%, 2% and 3%). Under these conditions, the bioavailability of Cd in soil and its subsequent entry into the grain of rice genotypes were examined. Cd translocation from soil to the grain was compared among non-salt tolerant varieties (BRRI 28 and Heera) and salt-tolerant varieties (BRRI 67 and BRRI 47). The associated health risk assessment was also undertaken. All rice genotypes absorbed more Cd from soil and accumulated it in their grain when grown under low pH soil conditions. With increasing soil pH, grain Cd deposition declined significantly (p ≤0.05) in the order of Heera, BRRI 28, BRRI 67 and BRRI 47. Among the varieties a marked variation was obtained in the Cd absorption by each plant. OM addition in soil at a rate of 2% greatly reduced Cd accumulation in the grain of rice genotypes. A noticeable reduction was found in non-salt tolerant varieties over salt-tolerant genotypes. The hazard quotient (HQ) of Cd for both adults and children revealed the highest values at low soil pH conditions. Significant reductions in HQ values occurred in grain grown with OM only in non-salt-tolerant varieties. The result means that lower soil pH favors the accumulation of Cd in rice. Furthermore, grain Cd in rice genotypes can be reduced thorough the modification in soil bioavailable Cd and OM application in soil.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
All rice genotypes accumulated more grain cadmium at low soil pH.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- low pH soil conditionse0
- Outcome
- Cd from soile0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All rice genotypes absorbed more Cd from soil and accumulated it in their grain when grown under low pH soil conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain cadmium declined significantly as soil pH rose.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- grain Cd depositione0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Setting
- soil pHe0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With increasing soil pH, grain Cd deposition declined significantly (p ≤0.05)”
e1“rice genotypes under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium absorption varied among varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- Cd absorptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the varieties a marked variation was obtained in the Cd absorption by each plant”
e1“rice genotypes under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2% organic matter greatly reduced grain cadmium accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- OM addition in soil at a rate of 2%e0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in the graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OM addition in soil at a rate of 2% greatly reduced Cd accumulation in the grain of rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-salt-tolerant varieties showed a larger reduction than salt-tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- non-salt tolerant varietiese0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- salt-tolerant genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A noticeable reduction was found in non-salt tolerant varieties over salt-tolerant genotypes”
e1“rice genotypes under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium hazard quotients for adults and children were highest under low pH.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- hazard quotient (HQ) of Cd for both adults and childrene0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- low soil pH conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hazard quotient (HQ) of Cd for both adults and children revealed the highest values at low soil pH conditions”
e1“rice genotypes under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic matter significantly reduced cadmium hazard quotient only in non-salt-tolerant varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- non-salt-tolerant varietiese0
- Treatment
- OMe0
- Outcome
- HQ valuese0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in HQ values occurred in grain grown with OM only in non-salt-tolerant varieties”
e1“rice genotypes under Cd stress”
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