Abstract
To overcome the scarcity of fresh water, researchers have turned to investigating different techniques that enable using saline water to irrigate crops, aiming to increase the efficiency of using available water resources. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the yield responses of grafted and non-grafted (self-rooted) tomato plants grown hydroponically under three levels of water salinity (2.5, 6.0, and 9.5 dS m−1). Three tomato varieties (Ghandowra-F1, Forester-F1, and Feisty-Red) were grafted onto five rootstocks (Maxifort, Unifort, Dynafort, Vivifort, and Beaufort). The implemented treatments were studied in terms of tomato fruit yield and quality parameters. Although increasing the concentration of salts in the nutrient solution led to a decrease in fruit yield, the moderate salinity level (S-2: 6.0 dS m−1) showed its superiority over both low salinity (S-1: 2.5 dS m−1) and high salinity (S-3: 9.5 dS m−1) in terms of tomato yield parameters. The studied rootstocks did not significantly improve the tomato fruit yield, but the interaction between the grafting combinations and salinity was significant for both production and quality. More specifically, tomato plants grafted onto the rootstocks “Vivifort and Beaufort” rendered the highest yield at a low salinity level (S-1: 2.5 dS m−1) and a moderate salinity level (S-2: 6.0 dS m−1), respectively, while at high salinity (S-3: 9.5 dS m−1), grafting did not improve tomato productivity, irrespective of the rootstock. These results confirm that tomatoes can be successfully grown under hydroponic systems using salinity levels of up to 6.0 dS m−1 without sacrificing fruit yield and quality. Among the studied tomato varieties, Feisty-Red was found to be appropriate for hydroponic production. The results also demonstrated that Vivifort and Beaufort rootstocks are suitable for grafting hydroponic tomatoes under low and moderate salinity levels, respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nutrient solution salinity decreased tomato fruit yield.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- increasing the concentration of salts in the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the concentration of salts in the nutrient solution led to a decrease in fruit yield”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salinity gave better tomato yield parameters than low and high salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- moderate salinity level (S-2: 6.0 dS m−1)e0
- Outcome
- tomato yield parameterse0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Comparator
- low salinity (S-1: 2.5 dS m−1) and high salinity (S-3: 9.5 dS m−1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate salinity level (S-2: 6.0 dS m−1) showed its superiority over both low salinity (S-1: 2.5 dS m−1) and high salinity (S-3: 9.5 dS m−1) in terms of tomato yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
The studied rootstocks did not significantly improve tomato fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- studied rootstockse0
- Outcome
- tomato fruit yielde0
- Direction
- did not significantly improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“studied rootstocks did not significantly improve the tomato fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting combination and salinity interacted significantly for tomato production and quality.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- grafting combinations and salinitye0
- Outcome
- production and qualitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interaction between the grafting combinations and salinity was significant for both production and quality”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Vivifort grafts had the highest yield at low salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Viviforte0
- Treatment
- grafted onto the rootstocks “Vivifort and Beaufort”e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- low salinity level (S-1: 2.5 dS m−1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants grafted onto the rootstocks “Vivifort and Beaufort” rendered the highest yield at a low salinity level (S-1: 2.5 dS m−1) and a moderate salinity level (S-2: 6.0 dS m−1), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Beaufort grafts had the highest yield at moderate salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Beauforte0
- Treatment
- grafted onto the rootstocks “Vivifort and Beaufort”e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- moderate salinity level (S-2: 6.0 dS m−1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants grafted onto the rootstocks “Vivifort and Beaufort” rendered the highest yield at a low salinity level (S-1: 2.5 dS m−1) and a moderate salinity level (S-2: 6.0 dS m−1), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting did not improve tomato productivity at high salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Outcome
- tomato productivitye0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Qualifier
- high salinity (S-3: 9.5 dS m−1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at high salinity (S-3: 9.5 dS m−1), grafting did not improve tomato productivity, irrespective of the rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroponic tomato can use salinity up to 6.0 dS m−1 without sacrificing fruit yield and quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- successfully grown under hydroponic systems using salinity levels of up to 6.0 dS m−1 without sacrificing fruit yield and qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomatoes can be successfully grown under hydroponic systems using salinity levels of up to 6.0 dS m−1 without sacrificing fruit yield and quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Feisty-Red was judged appropriate for hydroponic production.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Feisty-Rede0
- Outcome
- appropriate for hydroponic productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feisty-Red was found to be appropriate for hydroponic production”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Vivifort was judged suitable for grafting hydroponic tomatoes under low salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Viviforte0
- Outcome
- suitable for grafting hydroponic tomatoese0
- Qualifier
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vivifort and Beaufort rootstocks are suitable for grafting hydroponic tomatoes under low and moderate salinity levels, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Beaufort was judged suitable for grafting hydroponic tomatoes under moderate salinity.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Beauforte0
- Outcome
- suitable for grafting hydroponic tomatoese0
- Qualifier
- moderate salinity levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vivifort and Beaufort rootstocks are suitable for grafting hydroponic tomatoes under low and moderate salinity levels, respectively”
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