Abstract
Background: SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas where meeting water requirement is becoming a global threat. Weeds are another threat to yield of rice irrespective of different establishment methods. Until checked, it can decline rice yield and quality up to more than 70%. SRI and aerobic rice have different densities of weeds and integrated weed management can be applied to suppress the weeds. Considering the current scenario, research was conducted to investigate growth, yield and bioenergetics of rice under different establishment methods and weed management. Methods: The experiment entitled “Effect of crop establishment methods and weed management practices on productivity and bioenergetics of rice” was carried out in split plot design with main plots, viz., M1- aerobic rice (AR) and M2- system of rice intensification (SRI) and five subplots W1- pre-emergence (pendimethalin @1 kg a.i ha-1) fb post-emergence (bispyribac-sodium @20g a.i ha-1) (PE+POE), W2- pre-emergence (pendimethalin @1 kg a.i ha-1) fb cono weeding at 15, 30, and 45 DAT/ DAS (PE+CW), W3- weed free (WF), W4- weedy check (WC), W5- stale seedbed followed by post-emergence herbicide (bispyribac-sodium 10% SC 20 g a.i ha-1) (SSB+POE) in split plot design with three replications taking the variety ‘Pusa Basmati-1121’ as a test crop. Result: Among the establishment methods, SRI recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height and dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index. Among the weed management treatments, WF recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height, number of tillers per hill, dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index that was followed by treatment PE+CW. Maximum net return and B:C ratio was observed in the treatment combinations M2W2- SRI + (PE+CW). The maximum total energy input was found in the treatment combination M1W1- AR+ (PE+POE) and the maximum total energy output was found in the treatment combination M2W3- SRI + WF. The energy intensiveness was observed to be maximum in the treatment combination M1W4- AR + WC and the maximum energy efficiency index was observed in the treatment combination M2W3- SRI+WF.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
SRI significantly increased rice plant height and dry matter production compared with the other establishment method.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- SRIe1
- Outcome
- plant height and dry matter productione1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e1“Among the establishment methods, SRI recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height and dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI significantly increased rice panicles per hill, panicle length and grains per panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SRIe1
- Outcome
- number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per paniclee1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e1“Among the establishment methods, SRI recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height and dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI significantly increased rice test weight, grain yield and straw yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SRIe1
- Outcome
- test weight, grain yield, straw yielde1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e1“Among the establishment methods, SRI recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height and dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI significantly increased rice biological yield and harvest index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SRIe1
- Outcome
- biological yield, and harvest indexe1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e1“Among the establishment methods, SRI recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height and dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free management significantly increased rice plant height, tillers per hill and dry matter production, followed by PE+CW.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WFe2
- Outcome
- plant height, number of tillers per hill, dry matter productione2
- Direction
- significantly highere2
- Qualifier
- followed by treatment PE+CWe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e2“Among the weed management treatments, WF recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height, number of tillers per hill, dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index that was followed by treatment PE+CW”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free management significantly increased rice panicles per hill, panicle length and grains per panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WFe2
- Outcome
- number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per paniclee2
- Direction
- significantly highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e2“Among the weed management treatments, WF recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height, number of tillers per hill, dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index that was followed by treatment PE+CW”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free management significantly increased rice test weight, grain yield and straw yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WFe2
- Outcome
- test weight, grain yield, straw yielde2
- Direction
- significantly highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e2“Among the weed management treatments, WF recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height, number of tillers per hill, dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index that was followed by treatment PE+CW”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free management significantly increased rice biological yield and harvest index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- WFe2
- Outcome
- biological yield, and harvest indexe2
- Direction
- significantly highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e2“Among the weed management treatments, WF recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height, number of tillers per hill, dry matter production and yield attributes like number of panicles per hill, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index that was followed by treatment PE+CW”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum total energy input was in the aerobic rice with PE+POE combination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- M1W1- AR+ (PE+POE)e4
- Outcome
- total energy inpute4
- Direction
- maximume4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e4“The maximum total energy input was found in the treatment combination M1W1- AR+ (PE+POE)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum total energy output was in the SRI weed-free combination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- M2W3- SRI + WFe5
- Outcome
- total energy outpute5
- Direction
- maximume5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e5“the maximum total energy output was found in the treatment combination M2W3- SRI + WF”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy intensiveness was maximum in the aerobic rice weedy-check combination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- M1W4- AR + WCe6
- Outcome
- energy intensivenesse6
- Direction
- maximume6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e6“The energy intensiveness was observed to be maximum in the treatment combination M1W4- AR + WC”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum energy efficiency index was in the SRI weed-free combination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- M2W3- SRI+WFe7
- Outcome
- energy efficiency indexe7
- Direction
- maximume7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI and aerobic rice are one of the techniques of growing rice under water scarcity areas”
e7“the maximum energy efficiency index was observed in the treatment combination M2W3- SRI+WF”
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