Abstract
Abstract Active soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions are major driving factors of soil fertility. Understanding the effects of water and fertilizer management on changes in active SOC fractions helps improve soil quality and maintain high agricultural productivity. We conducted a 3-year field experiment in Northeast China. In this experiment, natural soil (CKT) was used as a blank, and two irrigation regimes were established: conventional flooded irrigation (FI) and controlled irrigation (CI). Four nitrogen application levels were set for both irrigation regimes under deep placement of basal fertilizer N: Nd0 (0 kg ha –1 ), Nd (110 kg ha –1 ), Nd1 (99 kg ha –1 ), and Nd2 (88 kg ha –1 ). After 3 years, at similar N fertilizer application rate, the rice yield, total organic carbon (TOC), and active SOC fraction content of CI were higher under CI than FI. The growth rate of rice yield was 3.8% − 8.63% under CI than FI. Under CI, the rice yield, active SOC fractions contents and carbon pool management index (CPMI) did not decrease with decreasing N application rate but instead reached the highest level in the CNd1 treatment. Overall, CI with Nd1 treatment appears to be the best practice for improving soil fertility and crop productivity in Northeast China.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled irrigation gave a higher rice yield than conventional flooded irrigation after 3 years at a similar N rate.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- controlled irrigation (CI)e2
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- conventional flooded irrigation (FI)e2
- Setting
- field experiment in Northeast Chinae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the rice yield, total organic carbon (TOC), and active SOC fraction content of CI were higher under CI than FI”
e2“conventional flooded irrigation (FI) and controlled irrigation (CI)”
e7“We conducted a 3-year field experiment in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled irrigation gave higher total organic carbon and active SOC fraction content than conventional flooded irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- controlled irrigation (CI)e2
- Outcome
- total organic carbon (TOC), and active SOC fraction contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- conventional flooded irrigation (FI)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the rice yield, total organic carbon (TOC), and active SOC fraction content of CI were higher under CI than FI”
e2“conventional flooded irrigation (FI) and controlled irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
The rice yield growth rate under controlled irrigation was 3.8% to 8.63% higher than under flooded irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- CIe3
- Outcome
- growth rate of rice yielde3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 3.8% − 8.63%e3
- Comparator
- FIe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The growth rate of rice yield was 3.8% − 8.63% under CI than FI”
Claim · model-written summary
Under controlled irrigation, rice yield did not decrease with decreasing N application rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- decreasing N application ratee4
- Outcome
- rice yielde4
- Direction
- did not decreasee4
- Qualifier
- Under CIe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Under CI, the rice yield, active SOC fractions contents and carbon pool management index (CPMI) did not decrease with decreasing N application rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Under controlled irrigation, active SOC fraction contents and carbon pool management index did not decrease with decreasing N rate and were highest in CNd1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- decreasing N application ratee4
- Outcome
- active SOC fractions contents and carbon pool management index (CPMI)e4
- Direction
- did not decreasee4
- Qualifier
- reached the highest level in the CNd1 treatmente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Under CI, the rice yield, active SOC fractions contents and carbon pool management index (CPMI) did not decrease with decreasing N application rate”
e5“reached the highest level in the CNd1 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled irrigation with the Nd1 N rate is the best practice for soil fertility and crop productivity in Northeast China.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- CI with Nd1 treatmente6
- Setting
- Northeast Chinae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the rice yield, total organic carbon (TOC), and active SOC fraction content of CI were higher under CI than FI”
e6“CI with Nd1 treatment appears to be the best practice for improving soil fertility and crop productivity in Northeast China”
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