Abstract
One of the technology options that can help farmers cope with water scarcity at the field level is alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Limited information is available on the varietal responses to nitrogen, AWD, and their interactions. Field experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) farm in 2009 dry season (DS), 2009 wet season (WS), and 2010 DS to determine genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice under two N rates and two water management treatments. Grain yield was not significantly different between AWD and continuous flooding (CF) across the three seasons. Interactive effects among variety, water management, and N rate were not significant. The high yield was attributed to the significantly higher grain weight, which in turn was due to slower grain filling and high leaf N at the later stage of grain filling of CF. AWD treatments accelerated the grain filling rate, shortened grain filling period, and enhanced whole plant senescence. Under normal dry-season conditions, such as 2010 DS, AWD reduced water input by 24.5% than CF; however, it decreased grain yield by 6.9% due to accelerated leaf senescence. The study indicates that proper water management greatly contributes to grain yield in the late stage of grain filling, and it is critical for safe AWD technology.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield did not differ significantly between AWD and continuous flooding across three seasons.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- AWDe1
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- not significantly differente1
- Qualifier
- across the three seasonse1
- Comparator
- continuous flooding (CF)e1
- Setting
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) farme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Cultivars”
e1“Grain yield was not significantly different between AWD and continuous flooding (CF) across the three seasons”
e7“Field experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) farm in 2009 dry season (DS), 2009 wet season (WS), and 2010 DS”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Interactive effects among variety, water management and N rate on rice were not significant.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- variety, water management, and N ratee2
- Outcome
- Interactive effectse2
- Direction
- not significante2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Interactive effects among variety, water management, and N rate were not significant”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous flooding had significantly higher rice grain weight than AWD, attributed to slower grain filling and high leaf N at the later stage of grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CFe3
- Outcome
- grain weighte3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
- Qualifier
- slower grain filling and high leaf N at the later stage of grain fillinge3
- Comparator
- AWDe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain yield was not significantly different between AWD and continuous flooding (CF) across the three seasons”
e3“The high yield was attributed to the significantly higher grain weight, which in turn was due to slower grain filling and high leaf N at the later stage of grain filling of CF”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD accelerated the rice grain filling rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWDe4
- Outcome
- grain filling ratee4
- Direction
- acceleratede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“AWD treatments accelerated the grain filling rate, shortened grain filling period, and enhanced whole plant senescence”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD shortened the rice grain filling period.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWDe4
- Outcome
- grain filling periode4
- Direction
- shortenede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“AWD treatments accelerated the grain filling rate, shortened grain filling period, and enhanced whole plant senescence”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD enhanced whole plant senescence in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWDe4
- Outcome
- whole plant senescencee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“AWD treatments accelerated the grain filling rate, shortened grain filling period, and enhanced whole plant senescence”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under normal dry-season conditions in 2010, AWD reduced water input by 24.5% compared with continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWDe5
- Outcome
- water inpute5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 24.5%e5
- Qualifier
- Under normal dry-season conditions, such as 2010 DSe5
- Comparator
- CFe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Under normal dry-season conditions, such as 2010 DS, AWD reduced water input by 24.5% than CF; however, it decreased grain yield by 6.9% due to accelerated leaf senescence”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD decreased rice grain yield by 6.9% compared with continuous flooding, due to accelerated leaf senescence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWDe5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 6.9%e5
- Qualifier
- due to accelerated leaf senescencee5
- Comparator
- CFe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Under normal dry-season conditions, such as 2010 DS, AWD reduced water input by 24.5% than CF; however, it decreased grain yield by 6.9% due to accelerated leaf senescence”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Proper water management contributes to rice grain yield in the late stage of grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- proper water managemente6
- Outcome
- grain yield in the late stage of grain fillinge6
- Direction
- contributese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The study indicates that proper water management greatly contributes to grain yield in the late stage of grain filling, and it is critical for safe AWD technology”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Proper water management is critical for safe AWD technology in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- safe AWD technologye6
- Qualifier
- criticale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The study indicates that proper water management greatly contributes to grain yield in the late stage of grain filling, and it is critical for safe AWD technology”
e0“genotypic responses and water use efficiency of rice”
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