Paper · 2024 · International Journal of Research in Agronomy

Effect of nano urea and spacing on growth and yield of maize article type

Jangam Jyothi Ratna Kumari; Thakur Indu; Rajesh Singh

10
claims
20
verbatim quotes
1
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

A maize field experiment was carried out at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, during the 2023 kharif season. The treatment consisted of 3 levels of N i.e. 120 kg N through urea, 30 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 2 sprays of Nano urea and 60 kg of N through along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea and 3 methods of spacing (30x15 cm2, 30x20 cm2 and 30x45 cm2) along with recommended control (120-60-40 N-P-K kg/ha). The soil of the field, which is part of the central gangetic alluvium, is neutral and deep. The experimental field's soil had a sandy loam texture, was virtually neutral in soil reaction (pH - 7.7), contained 0.57% organic carbon, available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (27.0 kg/ha), and available K (291.2 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design, with 10 treatments, and replicated three times. 60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2 (treatment 8) recorded maximum highest plant height (185.27 cm), plant dry weight (90.53 g), Number of cobs per plant (2.20), Number of grains per cob(434.13), Cob length (19.43 cm), Grain yield (4.20 t/ha), Stover yield (6.91 t/ha). The aforesaid treatment also recorded maximum gross returns (1,01,574.00 INR/ha), net returns (65,646.84 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (1.83).

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum plant height of 185.27 cm.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2e0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
maximume0
Value
185.27 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2 (treatment 8) recorded maximum highest plant height (185.27 cm), plant dry weight (90.53 g), Number of cobs per plant (2.20), Number of grains per cob(434.13), Cob length (19.43 cm), Grain yield (4.20 t/ha), Stover yield (6.91 t/ha).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1179 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum plant dry weight of 90.53 g.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2e0
Outcome
plant dry weighte0
Direction
maximume0
Value
90.53 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2 (treatment 8) recorded maximum highest plant height (185.27 cm), plant dry weight (90.53 g), Number of cobs per plant (2.20), Number of grains per cob(434.13), Cob length (19.43 cm), Grain yield (4.20 t/ha), Stover yield (6.91 t/ha).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1179 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum Number of cobs per plant of 2.20.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2e0
Outcome
Number of cobs per plante0
Direction
maximume0
Value
2.20e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2 (treatment 8) recorded maximum highest plant height (185.27 cm), plant dry weight (90.53 g), Number of cobs per plant (2.20), Number of grains per cob(434.13), Cob length (19.43 cm), Grain yield (4.20 t/ha), Stover yield (6.91 t/ha).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1179 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum Number of grains per cob of 434.13.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2e0
Outcome
Number of grains per cobe0
Direction
maximume0
Value
434.13e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2 (treatment 8) recorded maximum highest plant height (185.27 cm), plant dry weight (90.53 g), Number of cobs per plant (2.20), Number of grains per cob(434.13), Cob length (19.43 cm), Grain yield (4.20 t/ha), Stover yield (6.91 t/ha).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1179 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum Cob length of 19.43 cm.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2e0
Outcome
Cob lengthe0
Direction
maximume0
Value
19.43 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2 (treatment 8) recorded maximum highest plant height (185.27 cm), plant dry weight (90.53 g), Number of cobs per plant (2.20), Number of grains per cob(434.13), Cob length (19.43 cm), Grain yield (4.20 t/ha), Stover yield (6.91 t/ha).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1179 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum Grain yield of 4.20 t/ha.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2e0
Outcome
Grain yielde0
Direction
maximume0
Value
4.20 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2 (treatment 8) recorded maximum highest plant height (185.27 cm), plant dry weight (90.53 g), Number of cobs per plant (2.20), Number of grains per cob(434.13), Cob length (19.43 cm), Grain yield (4.20 t/ha), Stover yield (6.91 t/ha).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1179 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum Stover yield of 6.91 t/ha.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2e0
Outcome
Stover yielde0
Direction
maximume0
Value
6.91 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“60 kg of N through urea along with 4 ml/lit 3 sprays of Nano urea + Spacing- 30x20 cm2 (treatment 8) recorded maximum highest plant height (185.27 cm), plant dry weight (90.53 g), Number of cobs per plant (2.20), Number of grains per cob(434.13), Cob length (19.43 cm), Grain yield (4.20 t/ha), Stover yield (6.91 t/ha).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 859–1179 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum gross returns of 1,01,574.00 INR/ha.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
gross returnse0
Direction
maximume0
Value
1,01,574.00 INR/hae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The aforesaid treatment also recorded maximum gross returns (1,01,574.00 INR/ha), net returns (65,646.84 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (1.83).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1180–1314 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum net returns of 65,646.84 INR/ha.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
net returnse0
Direction
maximume0
Value
65,646.84 INR/hae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The aforesaid treatment also recorded maximum gross returns (1,01,574.00 INR/ha), net returns (65,646.84 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (1.83).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1180–1314 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 8 recorded maximum B:C ratio of 1.83.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
B:C ratioe0
Direction
maximume0
Value
1.83e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The aforesaid treatment also recorded maximum gross returns (1,01,574.00 INR/ha), net returns (65,646.84 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (1.83).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1180–1314 · show in text ↑
t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60 · show in text ↑

nanoparticle · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

182 papers: 161 positive, 21 negative or no effect

160 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. negative

178 papers more in this group

See all 182 papers →

density · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

197 papers: 119 positive, 78 negative or no effect

118 papers in the same direction as this paper · 76 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

193 papers more in this group

See all 197 papers →

nanoparticle · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

233 papers: 215 positive, 18 negative or no effect

214 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

229 papers more in this group

See all 233 papers →

application · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

337 papers: 310 positive, 27 negative or no effect

309 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

333 papers more in this group

See all 337 papers →

application · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

629 papers: 575 positive, 54 negative or no effect

574 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

625 papers more in this group

See all 629 papers →

density · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

658 papers: 519 positive, 139 negative or no effect

518 papers in the same direction as this paper · 132 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

654 papers more in this group

See all 658 papers →

nitrogen · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

748 papers: 619 positive, 129 negative or no effect

618 papers in the same direction as this paper · 115 in the opposite direction · 14 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

744 papers more in this group

See all 748 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

2,185 papers: 1,906 positive, 279 negative or no effect

1,905 papers in the same direction as this paper · 234 in the opposite direction · 45 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2,181 papers more in this group

See all 2,185 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.