Abstract
Elevated concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O3) pose a significant threat to food production in many regions of the world. We conducted a two-year experiment with five winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Yangmai16 (Y16), Yangmai23 (Y23), Zhenmai12 (Z12), Yangmai29 (Y29), and Yangmai30 (Y30), to assess photosynthetic traits, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant systems under ambient (A-O3) or elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3 in a Free-Air O3-Concentration Enrichment system (FACE). E-O3 accelerated leaf senescence, manifested by marked reductions in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total antioxidant capacity, and photosynthetic pigment content, accompanied by altered antioxidant enzyme activity and a significant increase in malondialdehyde content (an indicator of lipid peroxidation). Most parameters showed significant inter-cultivar differences, as well as interactions between O3 and cultivar. The response of the antioxidant system in wheat flag leaves was influenced by O3 exposure levels. The response of antioxidant enzymes at the grain filling stage and the timely closure of stomata conferred tolerance to O3. This tolerance was associated with higher antioxidant enzyme activity at the anthesis stage but was not related to the size of stomata. This study provides a crucial theoretical foundation for further breeding O3-tolerant cultivars.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone accelerated wheat leaf senescence.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3e2
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee1
- Direction
- acceleratede1
- Comparator
- ambient (A-O3)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
e1“E-O3 accelerated leaf senescence”
e2“ambient (A-O3) or elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone markedly reduced wheat photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3e2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Comparator
- ambient (A-O3)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
e1“marked reductions in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total antioxidant capacity, and photosynthetic pigment content”
e2“ambient (A-O3) or elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone markedly reduced wheat total antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic pigment content.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3e2
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacity, and photosynthetic pigment contente1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Comparator
- ambient (A-O3)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
e1“marked reductions in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total antioxidant capacity, and photosynthetic pigment content”
e2“ambient (A-O3) or elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone altered antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3e2
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye1
- Comparator
- ambient (A-O3)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
e1“altered antioxidant enzyme activity”
e2“ambient (A-O3) or elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone significantly increased wheat malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3e2
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- ambient (A-O3)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
e1“a significant increase in malondialdehyde content”
e2“ambient (A-O3) or elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Most measured parameters showed significant differences among wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Most parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most parameters showed significant inter-cultivar differences”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Most measured parameters showed significant ozone-by-cultivar interactions.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- O3e0
- Outcome
- Most parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most parameters showed significant inter-cultivar differences, as well as interactions between O3 and cultivar.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone exposure levels influenced wheat flag-leaf antioxidant-system responses.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Treatment
- O3 exposure levelse0
- Outcome
- response of the antioxidant systeme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of the antioxidant system in wheat flag leaves was influenced by O3 exposure levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme responses at grain filling and timely stomatal closure conferred ozone tolerance.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- tolerance to O3e0
- Qualifier
- response of antioxidant enzymes at the grain filling stage and the timely closure of stomatae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of antioxidant enzymes at the grain filling stage and the timely closure of stomata conferred tolerance to O3.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat ozone tolerance was associated with higher antioxidant enzyme activity at anthesis.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- anthesis stagee0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- higher antioxidant enzyme activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This tolerance was associated with higher antioxidant enzyme activity at the anthesis stage”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat ozone tolerance was not associated with stomatal size.
- Taxon
- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- stomatae0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- not related to the size of stomatae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This tolerance was associated with higher antioxidant enzyme activity at the anthesis stage but was not related to the size of stomata.”
e1“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.