Abstract
In regions facing water scarcity and soil salinity, mitigating these abiotic stresses is paramount for sustaining crop production. This study aimed to unravel the synergistic effects of organic matter and phosphorus management in reducing the adverse effect of saline water for irrigation on red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production, fruit quality, plant physiology, and stress tolerance indicators. The study was carried out in the arid Tadla region of Morocco and involved two key experiments: (i) a field experiment during the 2019 growing season, where red pepper plants were subjected to varying phosphorus fertilizer rates (120, 140, and 170 kg of P2O5.ha−1) and saline water irrigation levels (0.7; 1.5; 3; and 5 dS.m−1); and (ii) a controlled pot experiment in 2021 for examining the interaction of saline water irrigation levels (EC values of 0.7, 2, 5, and 9 dS.m−1), phosphorus rates (30, 36, and 42 kg of P2O5.ha−1), and the amount of organic matter (4, 8, 12, and 16 t.ha−1). The field study highlighted that saline irrigation significantly affected red pepper yields and fruit size, although phosphorus fertilization helped enhance productivity. Additionally, biochemical markers of stress tolerance, such as proline and glycine betaine, along with stomatal conductance, were impacted by increasing salinity levels. The pot experiment showed that combining organic amendments and phosphorus improved soil properties and stimulated red pepper growth and root weight across all salinity levels. The integration of phosphorus fertilization and organic amendments proved instrumental for counteracting salinity-induced constraints on red pepper growth and yield. Nonetheless, caution is necessary as high salinity can still negatively impact red pepper productivity, necessitating the establishment of an irrigation water salinity threshold, set at 5 dS.m−1.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation significantly affected red pepper yields and fruit size.
- Taxon
- Red Pepper
Capsicum annuum var. annuumt0 - Treatment
- saline irrigatione0
- Outcome
- red pepper yields and fruit sizee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Pepper”
e0“The field study highlighted that saline irrigation significantly affected red pepper yields and fruit size”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilization enhanced red pepper productivity.
- Taxon
- Red PepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- phosphorus fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Pepper”
e0“phosphorus fertilization helped enhance productivity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity affected proline and glycine betaine markers.
- Taxon
- Red PepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- proline and glycine betainee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Pepper”
e0“biochemical markers of stress tolerance, such as proline and glycine betaine, along with stomatal conductance, were impacted by increasing salinity levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity affected stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- Red PepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Pepper”
e0“stomatal conductance, were impacted by increasing salinity levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendments combined with phosphorus improved soil properties across salinity levels.
- Taxon
- Red PepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- combining organic amendments and phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- soil propertiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- across all salinity levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Pepper”
e0“combining organic amendments and phosphorus improved soil properties and stimulated red pepper growth and root weight across all salinity levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined amendments stimulated red pepper growth and root weight across salinity levels.
- Taxon
- Red PepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- combining organic amendments and phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- red pepper growth and root weighte0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- across all salinity levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Pepper”
e0“combining organic amendments and phosphorus improved soil properties and stimulated red pepper growth and root weight across all salinity levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity can negatively affect red pepper productivity.
- Taxon
- Red PepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- high salinitye0
- Outcome
- red pepper productivitye0
- Direction
- negatively impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Pepper”
e0“high salinity can still negatively impact red pepper productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend an irrigation-water salinity threshold of 5 dS.m−1.
- Taxon
- Red PepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Outcome
- irrigation water salinity thresholde0
- Value
- 5 dS.m−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Red Pepper”
e0“necessitating the establishment of an irrigation water salinity threshold, set at 5 dS.m−1.”
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