Abstract
B. cereus is an important plant growth promoting bacteria. It provides sustainable ways to increase plant yield as well as protection from environmental stress such as heavy metals. B. cereus can both increase plant nutrition and act as an osmoprotection agent. This study investigated seed priming of B. cereus into T. aestivum seeds under arsenic and cadmium stress. Growth parameters, gas exchange, photosynthesis efficiency, and antioxidant capacity were measured. As and/or Cd application caused 32%, 18% and 24% decrease in the relative growth rate (RGR) in the As, Cd, and combined stress (As+Cd) groups, respectively. High amounts of reduction of photosynthetic parameters detected on T. aestivum under stress. B. cereus applications caused recovery in these parameters as well as increased proline accumulation. The increases in Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo indicated that photosynthesis system efficiency in PSII reaction center recovered. As and/or Cd stress caused ROS accumulation in T. aestivum. By B. cereus priming indicated ROS stress recovered with increased activity of SOD by 42.8% in As+B group and 11.80% in Cd+B group. With application of bacteria other antioxidant enzymes also showed boosted activity therefore reducing H2O2 content and preventing peroxidation. Bacteria application is also boosted AsA-GSH cycle in under both stresses. Therefore, seed priming with B. cereus is highly effective against heavy metal stress by reducing the availability of heavy metals and, ROS accumulation and increasing photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant system for plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic decreased wheat relative growth rate by 32%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Ase0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 32%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As and/or Cd application caused 32%, 18% and 24% decrease in the relative growth rate (RGR) in the As, Cd, and combined stress (As+Cd) groups, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased wheat relative growth rate by 18%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As and/or Cd application caused 32%, 18% and 24% decrease in the relative growth rate (RGR) in the As, Cd, and combined stress (As+Cd) groups, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined arsenic and cadmium decreased wheat relative growth rate by 24%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- As+Cde0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As and/or Cd application caused 32%, 18% and 24% decrease in the relative growth rate (RGR) in the As, Cd, and combined stress (As+Cd) groups, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal stress reduced wheat photosynthetic parameters.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High amounts of reduction of photosynthetic parameters detected on T. aestivum under stress”
Claim · model-written summary
B. cereus application recovered photosynthetic parameters and increased proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- B. cereus applicationse0
- Interactor
- B. cereus
Bacillus cereuse0symbiont - Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. cereus applications caused recovery in these parameters as well as increased proline accumulation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B. cereus priming recovered photosystem II efficiency, indicated by increased Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- B. cereuse1
- Interactor
- B. cereusBacillus cereuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthesis system efficiency in PSII reaction centere0
- Direction
- recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increases in Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo indicated that photosynthesis system efficiency in PSII reaction center recovered”
t0“Bacillus cereus on physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat”
e1“B. cereus applications caused recovery in these parameters as well as increased proline accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic or cadmium stress caused ROS accumulation in wheat.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“As and/or Cd stress caused ROS accumulation in T. aestivum”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial priming increased SOD activity by 42.8% under arsenic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- B. cereus priminge0
- Interactor
- B. cereusBacillus cereuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of SODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 42.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By B. cereus priming indicated ROS stress recovered with increased activity of SOD by 42.8% in As+B group and 11.80% in Cd+B group”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial priming increased SOD activity by 11.80% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- B. cereus priminge0
- Interactor
- B. cereusBacillus cereuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of SODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By B. cereus priming indicated ROS stress recovered with increased activity of SOD by 42.8% in As+B group and 11.80% in Cd+B group”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial application increased other antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced hydrogen peroxide and peroxidation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of bacteriae0
- Outcome
- other antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- boostede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With application of bacteria other antioxidant enzymes also showed boosted activity therefore reducing H2O2 content and preventing peroxidation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial application boosted the AsA-GSH cycle under both stresses.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bacteria applicatione0
- Outcome
- AsA-GSH cyclee0
- Direction
- boostede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacteria application is also boosted AsA-GSH cycle in under both stresses”
t0“wheat”
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